Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

A theory explaining how cultural differences influence communication styles and…

Strategies used to protect or restore dignity and respect during conflict or…

A face-threatening act challenges or damages a person's self-esteem or social…

Communicative strategies used to maintain or restore an individual's social…

Facework strategies are communication actions aimed at maintaining or restoring…

A guided conversation process led by a neutral facilitator to encourage open…

The process of guiding a group discussion or negotiation to ensure effective…

A leadership style that emphasizes enabling group processes and participation…

Facilitative mediation guides parties to find mutually acceptable solutions by…

Techniques used by mediators to guide parties toward mutually acceptable…

Using open-ended and neutral questions to guide discussions and encourage…

Fact-checking is verifying information accuracy using reliable sources before…

The process where one verified fact-check triggers a series of further…

Internal divisions within a political party or movement caused by competing…

A provision in a treaty allowing states to choose whether to accept certain…

Instances where efforts to establish lasting peace after conflict collapse,…

A country where the government cannot provide basic services or security,…

A measurement tool assessing the vulnerability of a state to collapse based on…

A military or political action taken to create irreversible facts on the ground…

A conflict between the UK and Argentina in 1982 over the disputed Falkland…

A fallacy is a flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument's validity or…

An error in reasoning where an argument relies on irrelevant information to…

Assigning a statement, quote, or idea to an incorrect or fabricated source to…

Presenting two sides of an issue as equally valid when one side is supported by…

Assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second…

A Marxist concept describing how subordinate classes adopt beliefs that obscure…

The tendency to overestimate how much others share one's beliefs, attitudes, or…

A logical Fallacy that presents two options as the only possibilities when…

A Political Messaging tactic that presents two opposing arguments as equally…

A psychological phenomenon where a person recalls something that did not happen…

Frantz Fanon emphasized violent struggle as a necessary process for colonized…

A vision articulated by Franklin D. Roosevelt emphasizing freedom of speech,…

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s articulation of fundamental freedoms—speech, worship,…

A series of programs and reforms implemented to recover the U.S. economy during…

A diverse political alliance of labor unions, minority groups, and…

Federalism divides power between a central government and subnational units,…

A Framework recognizing how overlapping social identities such as race, gender,…

A Framework proposing that marginalized groups have unique and valuable…

A theoretical assumption allowing debaters to propose and evaluate policies as…

A type of debate that assumes the affirmative plan will be implemented for the…

The assumed authority to implement a plan or policy for the sake of argument…

The concept that debaters assume the proposed policy can be implemented without…

A parliamentary procedure where a minority delays or blocks legislation by…

A parliamentary procedure to end a Filibuster by requiring a supermajority vote…

A state where algorithms selectively show users information that aligns with…

When algorithms or users fail to appropriately filter content, resulting in…

The final focus is the last speech that summarizes key arguments and explains…

The last speech in a Public Forum debate that summarizes key arguments and…

The spread of financial instability from one country or market to others due to…

Restrictions on financial transactions imposed on countries or entities to…

The ability of a state to launch a preemptive nuclear attack that significantly…

An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a Single-Member…

The degree to which subnational governments can independently generate revenue…

The process of allocating financial resources and taxing authority from central…

A quantitative measure assessing the degree to which fiscal responsibilities…

A system of financial transfers designed to reduce disparities in fiscal…

The financial relations and distribution of taxing and spending powers among…

Different forms of federal grants include categorical grants, block grants, and…

The ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending…

Government decisions about taxation and spending to influence the economy.

The process where governments align their fiscal policies to achieve common…

The Fiscal Policy multiplier measures how government spending impacts overall…

The ratio measuring the change in economic output resulting from a change in…

The capacity of a government to provide additional budgetary resources without…

An intelligence-sharing alliance among Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the…

The authority and responsibility of a state to ensure that ships flying its…

The legal authority a state exercises over ships registered under its flag,…

The responsibility of the state whose flag a vessel flies to ensure compliance…

Formal discussion in committee where delegates present speeches and negotiate…

Flow is the systematic note-taking method used to track arguments and responses…

A specialized notebook or digital tool used by debaters to organize and track…

A systematic note-taking method used by debaters to track arguments, responses,…

Abbreviations and shorthand used by debaters to efficiently note arguments…

A systematic note-taking method used to track arguments and responses during a…

A specialized notebook used by debaters to organize and track arguments during…

The UN specialized agency leading international efforts on food security,…

A persuasion strategy where agreement to a small request increases the…

The dynamic alignment or stance speakers take to establish roles and…

The coerced movement of people from their homes due to conflict, persecution,…

The unlawful coercion of an individual into marriage during Armed Conflict,…

Requirements imposed by donor countries or organizations that recipients must…

A country's strategy in managing its relationships and interactions with other…

A perspective emphasizing that states act primarily to preserve power and…

A structured discussion format governed by strict rules where delegates speak…

A legal doctrine allowing courts to dismiss a case when another forum is more…

Consent by a state to a court’s jurisdiction after proceedings have begun,…

The practice by parties to a dispute of choosing the most favorable court or…

Michel Foucault described governmentality as the techniques and strategies by…

Franklin D. Roosevelt's principles advocating freedom of speech, worship, want,…

A situation where a state's control over its territory or population is divided…

Adjusting one's message to resonate with the audience's existing beliefs and…

Framework establishes the lens or standard through which arguments should be…

A discussion about the rules and standards that should guide the evaluation of…

An argument that challenges the opponent's Framework by proposing a different…

A Voting Issue that determines which framework or standard the judge should…

The way information is presented influences decisions and judgments, often…

The framing effect occurs when the way information is presented influences…

How the presentation of options influences decision-making and agreement…

The Cognitive Bias where people's decisions and judgments are influenced by how…

The influence on decision-making and perception caused by how information or…

The process of shaping how parties perceive issues by highlighting particular…

Changing the perspective or context of a message to counteract an opponent's…

Fraternity was a revolutionary ideal promoting unity and solidarity among…

A geopolitical framework for the Indian Ocean and Pacific regions emphasizing…

When individuals benefit from resources or collective action without…

When individuals benefit from resources, goods, or services without paying for…

The Freedom Charter is a foundational document of the ANC that outlines the…

The principle allowing ships of all states to sail through international waters…

The principle that the high seas are open to all states for navigation,…

An economic theory emphasizing the control of money supply as the primary…

The belief that controlling the money supply is the primary method to regulate…

Milton Friedman's theory that people base consumption on expected long-term…

The relocation of supply chains away from geopolitical rivals toward trusted…

A change to a Draft Resolution supported by its original sponsors that does not…

A delegate who supports a Draft Resolution or working paper without being a…

The practice of scheduling primary elections earlier in the calendar to…

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency, which supports EU member states'…

Collaboration between states focused on specific issues or sectors without…

Immunity granted to state officials for acts performed in their official…

Protection granted to state officials from foreign jurisdiction for acts…

Jurisdiction exercised by a state or international body based on specific…

Process where cooperation in one sector leads to increased cooperation in…

An international relations theory that argues cooperation in specific technical…

Disclosure of the sources of financial support behind media outlets or specific…

A system where the executive and legislative branches are interconnected,…