Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance

The Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA) is a diplomatic initiative launched at COP26 in Glasgow in November 2021, co-founded by Denmark and Costa Rica. It is the first intergovernmental coalition focused specifically on the supply side of fossil fuels, rather than emissions or demand, by committing members to halt new exploration and licensing for oil and gas extraction and to set a Paris-aligned end date for production.

BOGA distinguishes between two tiers of participation:

• Core members commit to ending new concessions, licensing, and leasing rounds for oil and gas production and to setting a date aligned with the 1.5°C goal for ending production on territory under their jurisdiction.
• Associate members make significant concrete steps that contribute to the managed phase-out of oil and gas but have not adopted the full core commitment.
• Friends of BOGA are subnational governments or states that support the alliance's objectives without taking on its commitments.

Founding members alongside Denmark and Costa Rica included France, Ireland, Sweden, Wales, Quebec, and Greenland, with California joining as a Friend. Portugal and other jurisdictions joined subsequently. Notably absent are major producers such as the United States, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Norway, and the United Kingdom, which has limited the alliance's share of global production — collectively members account for only a small fraction of world output.

BOGA reflects the argument advanced in the UN Environment Programme's Production Gap Report that governments plan to produce roughly twice the fossil fuels in 2030 consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C. By targeting the supply side, the alliance aims to complement the Glasgow Climate Pact's call to phase down coal and "phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies." It is often cited alongside the Powering Past Coal Alliance as a model for sectoral, supply-focused climate diplomacy outside the UNFCCC consensus process.