Positions at a glance
Supporters
The Darfur Peace Agreement (Abuja, 2006) and the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (2011) achieved only partial buy-in from rebel factions. After al-Bashir's removal in April 2019, the transitional government signed the Juba Peace Agreement in October 2020 with several armed groups. Violence reignited dramatically in 2023 when fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces — the RSF being the direct successor to the Janjaweed — spread into Darfur, producing renewed ethnically targeted attacks, particularly against the Masalit in West Darfur.
Opponents
The Darfur conflict erupted in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) launched attacks against the government of Sudan, citing political marginalization and underdevelopment of Darfur's non-Arab populations. The government of President Omar al-Bashir responded by arming and coordinating with Arab militias known as the Janjaweed, who carried out widespread attacks on Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa civilian communities.
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In March 2009, the International Criminal Court issued its first arrest warrant against Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Darfur conflict.
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