Enrique Peña Nieto

Enrique Peña Nieto (born 20 July 1966 in Atlacomulco, State of Mexico) is a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as the 57th President of Mexico from 1 December 2012 to 30 November 2018. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), his election returned the party to the presidency after twelve years of opposition rule under the National Action Party (PAN).

Before the presidency, Peña Nieto served as Governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011. His 2012 presidential campaign defeated Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the PRD and Josefina Vázquez Mota of the PAN.

His administration is most associated with the Pacto por México, a multi-party legislative agreement signed in December 2012 that enabled a sweeping package of structural reforms, including:

• An energy reform (2013–2014) that ended Pemex's constitutional monopoly and opened the oil and gas sector to private and foreign investment for the first time since the 1938 nationalization.
• A telecommunications reform that restructured the sector and created the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT).
• Education, fiscal, financial, and political-electoral reforms.

In foreign policy, his government renegotiated NAFTA with the United States and Canada, signing the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) on 30 November 2018, on his last day in office.

His presidency was marked by serious crises that eroded public support, notably the September 2014 disappearance of 43 students from Ayotzinapa in Iguala, Guerrero, and the "Casa Blanca" conflict-of-interest scandal revealed in November 2014 involving a residence linked to a government contractor. The 2015 escape of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán from the Altiplano prison further damaged his standing.

He left office with historically low approval ratings and was succeeded by Andrés Manuel López Obrador, whose MORENA party won the July 2018 election in a landslide.