Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

A 2022 quadrilateral grouping of India, Israel, the UAE, and the US focused on…

The International Atomic Energy Agency that promotes safe, secure, and peaceful…

A permanent international court established by the 1998 Rome Statute to…

A 1966 UN treaty codifying civil and political rights — including life,…

The International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the UN that…

Two distinct Hague-based international courts often confused — the ICJ…

An eight-member regional organization for the Horn of Africa, focusing on…

The use of constitutional means to erode liberal democratic principles while…

A governing system with elections but limited civil liberties and weakened Rule…

Benedict Anderson's idea that nations are socially constructed communities…

A 2023 multi-modal infrastructure corridor concept connecting India, the Gulf,…

Special legal protections granted to certain international actors, such as…

Protection granted to certain persons or property from enforcement measures…

Immunity granted to state officials for acts performed in their official…

Absolute immunity granted to certain high-ranking state officials from foreign…

An impact explains the significance or consequence of an argument within the…

A method of comparing impacts by weighing their magnitude, probability, and…

The process of comparing magnitude, probability, and timeframe to evaluate…

The process of evaluating and explaining the significance and magnitude of an…

A logical consequence or effect that follows from an argument or Claim,…

Consent to be bound by a treaty inferred from a state's conduct rather than…

Government authorization required to bring certain goods into a country, often…

The percentage of domestic consumption satisfied by imports, indicating trade…

A government-imposed limit on the quantity or value of a specific good that can…

An economic policy aimed at reducing foreign dependency by encouraging domestic…

An economic strategy that promotes domestic production of goods to replace…

A tax imposed by a government on goods brought into the country to protect…

Deliberate efforts to control or influence how others perceive one’s image…

Impromptu speaking is delivering a speech without prior preparation, requiring…

A diplomatic approach encouraging broad participation of diverse states and…

An approach to security emphasizing the participation of women, minorities, and…

Incremental budgeting adjusts previous budget amounts slightly for the new…

A policy-making approach where changes occur through small, gradual adjustments…

The electoral edge enjoyed by current officeholders due to name recognition,…

Incumbent Gerrymandering redraws electoral district boundaries to protect…

Drawing electoral district lines specifically to protect current officeholders…

Diplomatic efforts by indigenous peoples to assert rights, negotiate treaties,…

The collective rights of indigenous peoples to their ancestral lands,…

Rights recognizing the cultural, land, and self-determination claims of…

A system where citizens elect representatives to make policy decisions on their…

A procedure allowing individuals to bring alleged human rights violations to…

The concept that the security of one state is linked to the security of others,…

A geopolitical concept treating the Indian and Pacific Oceans as a single…

The justification for protecting new industries until they become competitive…

Trade policy measures that temporarily shield new domestic industries from…

The percentage increase in the general price level of goods and services over a…

The 2022 US law providing ~$370 billion in tax credits and incentives for clean…

A private meeting among delegates to negotiate and draft resolutions away from…

A session where delegates discuss topics without strict procedural rules,…

Unofficial communication and negotiation channels between states or actors…

Casual discussions and negotiations outside of formal sessions aimed at gaining…

A situation where one party has more or better information than another, often…

A process where individuals adopt beliefs or actions because others have done…

The confusion caused by the spread of Misinformation, disinformation, and…

Information echo occurs when repeated exposure to a message within a community…

A state of mental overload and exhaustion caused by exposure to excessive…

Practices and habits aimed at maintaining accurate and reliable information…

The process by which false or misleading information is made to appear credible…

A state where excessive information makes it difficult to process or make…

People who avoid mainstream information channels due to distrust and seek…

Cues and signals in digital environments that guide users toward relevant…

Pre-packaged information provided by sources to journalists to influence news…

A situation where a lack of reliable information leads to speculation or the…

The use of information and communication technologies to influence, disrupt, or…

A process allowing citizens to propose and vote on laws directly.

A psychological approach where exposing people to weakened counterarguments…

A Ranked-Choice Voting system where voters rank candidates and the least…

An organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing or undermining a government…

A US strategic concept introduced in the 2022 National Defense Strategy that…

A negotiation strategy focused on collaboration to achieve mutually beneficial…

Techniques that focus on creating win-win solutions by addressing the interests…

A negotiation strategy focused on collaboration to find mutually beneficial…

Specific strategies that focus on creating mutual value through collaboration…

A collaborative approach to address complex issues by combining different…

Negotiation approach focused on expanding the pie by identifying mutual gains…

An autonomous organ of the Organization of American States that promotes and…

A regional human rights court that adjudicates alleged violations of the…

A dispute resolution process where states submit their conflict to an arbitral…

A procedure allowing one state to bring alleged human rights violations by…

The collaboration among different government agencies to achieve common policy…

Restating underlying interests in a way that opens new possibilities for…

Methods to redefine conflicting interests in a negotiation to find common…

Interest-based bargaining focuses on underlying interests of parties rather…

A mediation approach focusing on underlying interests rather than fixed…

A mediation approach focusing on underlying interests rather than stated…

Methods used to facilitate negotiation by focusing on underlying interests…

A negotiation approach focusing on underlying interests rather than fixed…

A structured approach focusing on understanding and addressing the underlying…

Interest-based problem solving focuses on identifying underlying interests of…

Shifting focus from fixed positions to underlying interests to uncover mutually…

Distinguishing underlying needs and desires (interests) from stated demands…

A mediation approach that focuses on underlying needs and interests rather than…

Funds provided by one level of government, usually federal, to lower levels…

A group composed of representatives from different levels of government to…

United Nations body assessing scientific information related to climate change…

Intergovernmental relations coordinate collaboration and conflict resolution…

Temporary orders issued by international courts or tribunals to preserve rights…

Temporary orders issued by arbitral tribunals to preserve rights or evidence…

Interim Measures of protection are temporary orders by international courts to…

People forced to flee their homes but who remain within their country's borders…

The IAEA promotes safe, peaceful, and secure use of nuclear technology…

A UN-affiliated organization promoting safe, peaceful, and secure use of…

Measures and inspections by the IAEA to ensure nuclear materials are not…

An international arbitration institution facilitating dispute resolution…

The principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between…

The principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between…

A multilateral treaty protecting fundamental civil and political rights like…

A treaty recognizing rights related to work, education, health, and an adequate…

A permanent court that prosecutes individuals for crimes such as genocide,…

A UN court established to prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other…

A U.S. law that grants the president authority to regulate international…

An independent body established under the Geneva Conventions to investigate…

The UN specialized agency for labour rights and standards, uniquely tripartite…

Binding treaties adopted by the International Labour Organization establishing…

Internationally recognized guidelines and conventions protecting workers’…

A UN body tasked with promoting the progressive development and codification of…

A specialized UN agency responsible for regulating shipping, maritime safety,…

An international organization providing financial support and advice to…

An intergovernmental financial institution providing surveillance, technical…

Economic policy requirements imposed by the IMF on countries receiving…

The UN's lead agency on migration, supporting governments and migrants through…

A UN body that assesses scientific information related to climate change to…

Scientific assessments published periodically by the IPCC summarizing global…

The body of law governing the protection of refugees, Asylum seekers, and…

A set of principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which…

A UN court established to prosecute serious crimes committed during the…

A specialized judicial body established to adjudicate disputes arising out of…

An action or omission attributable to a state that breaches an international…

The development and application of shared principles, norms, rules, and…

A multi-stakeholder platform for dialogue on public policy issues related to…

The lawful detention of enemy fighters during Armed Conflict without criminal…

A formal process in legislatures where members question government officials or…

A formal agreement between two or more states to cooperate on specific policy…

Mechanisms through which states resolve conflicts peacefully, including…

The interactions and collaborations between different states or regions within…

A principle stating that a legal situation must be judged by the law in force…

The use of force or influence by one state within the territory or affairs of…

A state's lawful request for foreign military assistance within its territory…

The authority claimed by some states to intervene legally in another state's…

The principle that prohibits states from intervening in the internal affairs of…

A mechanism allowing foreign investors to bring claims against host states for…

A collective of contemporary political thinkers advocating for radical…

Adam Smith's concept describing the self-regulating behavior of the marketplace…

The UN body that assesses scientific knowledge on climate change, jointly…

Comprehensive scientific assessments produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on…

A 2022 US-led economic engagement framework for 14 Indo-Pacific economies,…

The political and ideological barrier dividing Eastern and Western Europe from…

Winston Churchill's 1946 speech warning about Soviet expansion and the division…

The theory that all complex organizations, including democracies, tend to…

A stable, mutually beneficial relationship among bureaucratic agencies,…

A dispute resolution mechanism allowing investors to bring claims against…

A jihadist militant group that controlled large parts of Iraq and Syria from…

The self-declared Islamic State's territorial control in parts of Iraq and…

A long-standing territorial and political dispute between Israelis and…

Presenting political issues in a way that influences public perception and…

Visualizing and organizing complex problems and stakeholder concerns to clarify…

The perception that a political party or candidate is best able to handle a…

The importance voters assign to specific political issues when making electoral…

When voters base their electoral choices primarily on specific policy issues…

A writing process involving repeated revisions and refinements to improve…

A process of providing repeated feedback and revisions to improve communication…

A cyclical approach to improving work by repeatedly reviewing and incorporating…

Developing policy documents through repeated cycles of drafting, feedback, and…