Timeline
15 June 2005
In India, RTI is operationalised through the Right to Information Act, 2005, which received presidential assent on and came into full force on 12 October 20…
12 October 2005
In India, RTI is operationalised through the Right to Information Act, 2005, which received presidential assent on 15 June 2005 and came into full force on ,…
Positions at a glance
Supporters
For the UPSC examination, RTI is tested in GS Paper II under governance, transparency and accountability, and the statutory bodies (CIC/SIC) syllabus. Typical question angles include: the constitutional basis under Article 19(1)(a) and supporting case law; the structure and powers of the Information Commissions; the impact and criticism of the 2019 amendment on commission autonomy; the tension between RTI and the DPDP Act, 2023; and analytical prompts on whether RTI has strengthened citizen-State accountability. Prelims frequently tests time-limits, exempt organisations under Section 24, and Section 8 exemptions.
Opponents
Landmark applications include CPIO, Supreme Court of India v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal (2019), where a Constitution Bench held that the office of the Chief Justice of India is a public authority subject to RTI, balanced against judicial independence and privacy. The most consequential recent change is the Right to Information (Amendment) Act, 2019, which empowered the Centre to fix the tenure, salaries and service conditions of Information Commissioners — criticised as eroding the Commissions' independence. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, through its amendment of Section 8(1)(j), broadened the exemption for "personal information," prompting concern that it dilutes RTI's reach; as of 2026 its interplay with the transparency regime remains contested. Globally, comparable regimes include the US Freedom of Information Act (1966) and Sweden's Freedom of the Press Act (1766), the oldest such law.
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In 2019, a Supreme Court Constitution Bench in CPIO v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal ruled that the office of the Chief Justice of India is a "public authority" answerable under the Right to Information Act, 2005.
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