Timeline
1 December 1943
The Tehran Conference was the first wartime meeting of the Allied "Big Three"—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—held in Iran from 28 November to .
26 November 1943
Convened in the Iranian capital from 28 November to 1 December 1943, it followed immediately after the Cairo Conference (22–), where Roosevelt and Churchill…
6 June 1944
The dominant decision at Tehran was the firm commitment to Operation Overlord—the cross-Channel invasion of German-occupied France—set for May 1944 (executed…
11 February 1945
Tehran set precedents later formalised at the Yalta Conference (4–) and the Potsdam Conference (17 July–2 August 1945).
2 August 1945
Tehran set precedents later formalised at the Yalta Conference (4–11 February 1945) and the Potsdam Conference (17 July–).
8 August 1945
The promise of Soviet entry against Japan was honoured on .
Positions at a glance
Supporters
The dominant decision at Tehran was the firm commitment to Operation Overlord—the cross-Channel invasion of German-occupied France—set for May 1944 (executed as the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944), coordinated with a supporting landing in southern France (Operation Anvil/Dragoon). In return Stalin pledged a simultaneous Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front to prevent German reinforcement of the west, and—crucially for the United States—promised that the USSR would enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. The leaders discussed the post-war fate of Germany, including partition proposals, and endorsed the principle of a future international organisation, foreshadowing the United Nations. They recognised Iran's independence and sovereignty in the Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding Iran, acknowledging Iranian assistance and promising economic aid and post-war withdrawal of occupying forces. The contentious question of Poland's borders surfaced, with tentative agreement that Poland's frontiers should shift westward—the eastern boundary along the Curzon Line and compensation in the west at Germany's expense.
Opponents
The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka) was the first face-to-face strategic summit of the principal Allied leaders of the Second World War: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. Convened in the Iranian capital from 28 November to 1 December 1943, it followed immediately after the Cairo Conference (22–26 November 1943), where Roosevelt and Churchill had met Chiang Kai-shek to coordinate the Pacific war and issue the Cairo Declaration on Japan. Tehran was selected largely to accommodate Stalin, who refused to travel far from the Soviet front while the war against Nazi Germany hung in the balance after Stalingrad and Kursk. The conference marked the consolidation of the Grand Alliance and the first occasion on which the three powers jointly planned the defeat of the Axis and the contours of the post-war order.
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In November 1943 Stalin secured Roosevelt's and Churchill's commitment to Operation Overlord at Tehran, in exchange pledging a Soviet declaration of war on Japan—honoured on 8 August 1945, three months after Germany's surrender.
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