EU Asylum Agency

The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) is a decentralised EU agency headquartered in Valletta, Malta. It became operational on 19 January 2022 under Regulation (EU) 2021/2303, which replaced the earlier European Asylum Support Office (EASO) established in 2010. The agency's mandate is to help EU member states implement the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) more consistently and to provide operational and technical assistance to national asylum and reception authorities.

Core functions include:

• Deploying asylum support teams to member states facing disproportionate pressure on their asylum systems, at the state's request or in crisis situations.
• Producing country of origin information (COI) reports used by national caseworkers and courts to assess protection claims.
• Publishing the annual Asylum Report, which tracks application trends, recognition rates, and reforms across the EU+ (EU member states plus Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein).
• Developing common training, guidance, and quality standards for asylum officers, including a vulnerability assessment tool and practical guides on credibility assessment.
• Monitoring member states' compliance with CEAS obligations — a new power introduced by the 2021 regulation, though the monitoring mechanism is being phased in.

Compared with its EASO predecessor, the EUAA has a stronger legal mandate, a larger reserve pool of experts (a target of 500 national experts available for deployment), and the ability to act on its own initiative in emergencies if the Commission so decides. It works closely with Frontex, eu-LISA, and the Fundamental Rights Agency, and plays a central operational role in implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum adopted in 2024, including the new screening, border, and solidarity procedures. The EUAA does not itself decide asylum claims; that competence remains with national authorities.