Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 introduced the Goods and Services…

The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 amended India's Constitution to…

The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 2019 inserted Articles 15(6) and…

The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 inserted Articles 15(6) and 16(6)…

The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, reserves one-third of seats in…

The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2023, reserves one-third of…

The 123 Agreement is the bilateral framework signed in 2008 that permits…

The 26/11 Mumbai attacks were a coordinated four-day fidayeen assault by ten…

The 2nd ARC First Report, titled "Right to Information: Master Key to Good…

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission's Fourth Report, titled Ethics in…

The Thirteenth Report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled…

The Twelfth Report of India's Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled…

The 30x30 Target is the global commitment to conserve at least 30 percent of…

The 360-degree appraisal is a multi-source feedback mechanism used in India to…

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 inserted the word "Secular" into the Preamble of…

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was a wide-ranging amendment to the…

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was India's most extensive…

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 reversed key authoritarian…

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Part IX and the Eleventh…

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to urban…

A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950) was the Supreme Court of India's first…

The Aadhaar Act, 2016 is an Indian law that establishes the legal framework for…

The Aadhaar Enabled Payment System is an Indian bank-led payment model that…

The Aadhaar Judgment is the 2018 Indian Supreme Court ruling that upheld the…

Abhinaya is the codified system of expression in Indian classical dance and…

The Abhinaya Darpana is a Sanskrit treatise by Nandikeshvara codifying the…

The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 was the Indian government's…

Absolute liability holds an enterprise engaged in a hazardous activity fully…

Access and Benefit Sharing is the legal mechanism requiring users of India's…

The Accessible India Campaign is a Government of India scheme launched in 2015…

An accommodative monetary stance is a central bank's declared policy bias…

The Act of 1786 was a British statute amending the Pitt's India Act of 1784 to…

The Actual Ground Position Line is the line dividing Indian and Pakistani…

Aditya-L1 is India's first dedicated solar observatory, carrying seven payloads…

An Advance Pricing Agreement is a binding arrangement between a taxpayer and…

The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor is an Indian-designed 300 MWe…

The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft is India's indigenous fifth-generation…

An Advisory Board is a constitutional body of judges that reviews whether…

The AFSPA (Jammu and Kashmir) Act 1990 grants armed forces deployed in areas…

The Agalega Island Project is India's development of an airstrip and jetty on…

The Agni-IV is an Indian intermediate-range, road-mobile, two-stage solid-fuel…

Agni-P (Agni-Prime) is a two-stage, solid-fuel, canister-launched,…

Agni-Prime (Agni-P) is a two-stage, canister-launched, solid-fuel medium-range…

The Agni-V is India's indigenously developed, three-stage, solid-fuelled,…

The Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 was a labour dispute between textile mill…

The Aichi Biodiversity Targets were twenty global goals adopted in 2010 under…

Aihole is a temple complex in Karnataka built between the 5th and 8th centuries…

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 is an Indian central…

The Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram is a 12th-century Chola Shiva temple in…

Akash is an Indian medium-range, surface-to-air missile system developed by…

Akash-NG is an indigenous Indian surface-to-air missile system developed by…

The All India Forward Bloc is a left-wing nationalist political party founded…

The All India Home Rule League was an early-twentieth-century political…

The All India Services are centrally recruited cadres—the IAS, IPS, and…

The All India Services Act, 1951 is the Indian parliamentary statute that…

The All-India Federation was the proposed central union of British Indian…

Amendability of fundamental rights is the constitutional question of whether…

The Amending Act of 1781 was a British parliamentary statute that curtailed the…

AMRUT is an Indian centrally sponsored urban infrastructure mission launched in…

Ankia Naat is a one-act devotional play in Brajavali created by Srimanta…

Antarala is the small transitional vestibule in a Hindu temple that connects…

Antimicrobial resistance is the capacity of microorganisms to survive exposure…

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation is India's apex statutory body,…

The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity is a statutory body in India that hears…

The ardhamandapa is the entrance porch or vestibule of a Hindu temple that…

The Arjun is India's indigenously designed third-generation main battle tank,…

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 is an Indian statute granting armed…

Article 1 of the Indian Constitution names the country "India, that is Bharat"…

Article 1 of the Constitution of India declares India, that is Bharat, to be a…

Article 110 of the Indian Constitution defines a Money Bill as a Bill…

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines 'State' for the purpose of Part…

Article 123 of the Constitution of India empowers the President to promulgate…

Article 13 of the Constitution of India voids laws inconsistent with or in…

Article 131 of the Constitution of India confers exclusive original…

Article 131 of the Constitution of India grants the Supreme Court exclusive…

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees every person equality before…

Article 14 of the Constitution of India guarantees equality before the law and…

Article 142 of the Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to pass any…

Article 142 of the Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to pass any…

Article 143 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to refer…

Article 148 of the Constitution of India establishes the office of the…

Article 15 of the Constitution of India prohibits the State from discriminating…

Article 15(3) of the Indian Constitution permits the State to make special…

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity for…

Article 161 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Governor of a State to…

Article 163 of the Indian Constitution establishes a Council of Ministers…

Article 17 of the Constitution of India abolishes untouchability and forbids…

Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolishes titles, barring the State from…

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees citizens six freedoms—speech,…

Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India guarantees all citizens the…

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution guarantees protection against ex post…

Article 200 of the Indian Constitution empowers a State Governor to assent to,…

Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees that no person shall be…

Article 21A of the Indian Constitution makes free and compulsory education a…

Article 22 of the Constitution of India guarantees procedural safeguards…

Article 226 of the Constitution of India empowers every High Court to issue…

Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs for fundamental and other legal…

Article 23 of the Constitution of India prohibits traffic in human beings,…

Article 239AA is the constitutional provision granting the National Capital…

Article 24 of the Constitution of India prohibits the employment of any child…

Article 243 and Part IX of the Indian Constitution grant constitutional status…

Article 243G of the Indian Constitution empowers state legislatures to devolve…

Article 244 of the Indian Constitution provides for the administration of…

Article 246 of the Indian Constitution distributes legislative powers between…

Article 249 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to legislate on a…

Article 25 of the Constitution of India guarantees every person freedom of…

Article 254 of the Indian Constitution provides that when a state law on a…

Article 262 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament to legislate on…

The Inter-State Council is a constitutional body that the President of India…

Article 269A of the Indian Constitution governs the levy and apportionment of…

Article 28 of the Indian Constitution prohibits religious instruction in wholly…

Article 280 of the Indian Constitution requires the President to constitute a…

Article 282 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Union and any State to make…

Article 29 of the Indian Constitution protects the right of any section of…

Article 293 of the Indian Constitution governs the borrowing powers of state…

Article 3 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to form new states and…

Article 3 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament by law to form new…

Article 30 of the Constitution of India grants religious and linguistic…

Article 300A of the Constitution of India provides that no person shall be…

Article 300A of the Indian Constitution provides that no person shall be…

Article 301 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of trade, commerce…

Article 310 of India's Constitution holds that civil and defence servants of…

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution guarantees civil servants procedural…

Article 312 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to create new All…

Article 315 of the Constitution of India mandates a Public Service Commission…

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to approach the…

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme…

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution vests the superintendence, direction,…

Article 33 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to restrict or…

Article 330 of the Constitution of India reserves seats in the Lok Sabha for…

Article 338 of the Constitution of India establishes the National Commission…

Article 34 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to indemnify acts…

Article 341 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to specify, by…

Article 342 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to specify, by…

Article 342A of the Indian Constitution authorises the President to notify, in…

Article 35 of the Indian Constitution vests exclusively in Parliament the power…

Article 352 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a…

Article 356 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to assume a state…

Article 356 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to assume control…

Article 356 of the Indian Constitution permits the imposition of President's…

Article 360 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a…

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to amend the…

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution vests Parliament with the power to amend…

Article 37 of the Indian Constitution declares the Directive Principles of…

Article 39(d) of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure equal pay…

Articles 39(b) and 39(c) are Directive Principles in the Indian Constitution…

Article 39A of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure equal…

Article 40 is a Directive Principle in the Indian Constitution directing the…

Article 42 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to make provision for…

Article 43B is a Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution…

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to endeavour to secure…

Article 46 directs the Indian State to promote the educational and economic…

Article 48A is a Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution…

Article 50 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to separate the…

Article 51A of the Indian Constitution enumerates the Fundamental Duties, a…

Article 72 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to grant pardons,…

Articles 200 and 201 of the Indian Constitution govern how a Governor disposes…

Articles 256 and 257 of the Indian Constitution oblige states to comply with…

The Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded in 1875 by Swami Dayananda…

Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded in 1875 by Swami Dayananda…

The ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise is an inaugural multilateral naval drill…

The Asia-Africa Growth Corridor is an India-Japan economic cooperation…

The Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering is a FATF-style regional body of 42…

The Asiatic Lion Conservation Project is a centrally funded Indian government…

The Assam Rifles is India's oldest paramilitary force, guarding the…

An Asset Reconstruction Company is a financial institution registered with the…

Astra is India's indigenously developed beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile,…

AstroSat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, launched…

AMRUT 2.0 is an Indian central scheme launched in 2021 to make cities…

Atal Pension Yojana is an Indian government-backed pension scheme that…

Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan is India's 2020 self-reliant economic policy…

The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 is the Indian statute that vests the central…

August Kranti Maidan is a public ground in central Mumbai where the All India…

The August Offer of 1940 was Viceroy Linlithgow's wartime proposal promising…

Automatic stabilisers are fiscal mechanisms—chiefly progressive taxes and…

The Aviation Research Centre is India's specialised aerial reconnaissance and…

Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana is India's government-funded health…

Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) is India's flagship publicly funded health-assurance…

Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres are upgraded primary-care…

The B.S. Baswan Committee was an expert panel constituted by the Government of…

Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal emperor, reigning from 1837 until his…

India's Ballistic Missile Defence Programme is a two-tiered DRDO system using…

Bandipur Tiger Reserve is a protected tiger habitat in Karnataka's…

Bank Nationalisation of 1969 was the Indian government's takeover of fourteen…

Bank Rate is the rate at which a central bank lends long-term funds to…

Bank recapitalisation bonds are government-issued securities used to inject…

The Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is the Indian statute granting the Reserve…

The Banks Board Bureau was an autonomous Indian government body established in…

Barak-8 is an Indo-Israeli surface-to-air missile system co-developed by DRDO…

The Bardoli Satyagraha was a 1928 no-tax peasant campaign in Gujarat's Bardoli…

Base editing is a precision genome-editing technique that chemically converts…

The base rate is the minimum lending rate set by a commercial bank below which…

The Basel Ban Amendment is a 1995 amendment to the Basel Convention that…

Basel III is a global regulatory framework setting minimum capital, leverage,…

The Bastar–Dantewada conflict zone is a forested tribal region of southern…

The BBIN Initiative is a sub-regional framework among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India…

BECA is a 2020 India–US military agreement enabling exchange of geospatial…

The Benchmark Prime Lending Rate was the reference interest rate at which…

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao is a 2015 Government of India scheme addressing the…

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is India's principal nuclear research…

Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary and socialist who was executed by the…

Bhangra is an energetic Punjabi folk dance originating in the harvest…

The Bharat Small Reactor is an indigenous 220-megawatt pressurised heavy water…

BHAVINI is an Indian government company under the Department of Atomic Energy…

Bhitarkanika National Park is a protected mangrove ecosystem in Kendrapara…

Bhumija shikhara is a North Indian temple superstructure type, a Nagara…

Bihu is a folk dance of Assam performed during the Bihu festivals, marking the…

Biodiversity hotspots of India are the four globally recognized Conservation…

Biodiversity Management Committees are statutory local bodies constituted under…

The Biological Diversity (Amendment) Act 2023 is an Indian statute amending the…

Biomagnification is the progressive increase in concentration of a persistent…

A biosimilar is a biological medicine highly similar to an already-approved…

Biotech-KISAN is an Indian government scheme launched by the Department of…

Bipin Chandra Pal was an Indian nationalist leader, journalist, and orator,…

Birju Maharaj (1938–2022) was the foremost exponent of the Lucknow gharana of…

Birsa Munda was a tribal leader and folk hero who led the Munda Ulgulan revolt…

The Black Cat Commandos are operatives of India's National Security Guard, a…

The Bombay Plan was a 1944 proposal by eight Indian industrialists for a…

Bonding social capital refers to inward-looking ties within homogeneous groups,…

The Bonn Challenge is a global voluntary effort to bring 150 million hectares…

The Border Area Development Programme is a centrally sponsored Indian scheme…

The Border Security Force is a Central Armed Police Force of India that guards…

The Botanical Survey of India is the apex national institution under the…

The Boycott Movement of 1905 was the organized Indian refusal to purchase…

The Brahmo Samaj is a monotheistic socio-religious reform movement founded in…

BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile developed by an India-Russia joint…

BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India and Russia,…

A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material…

The BRICS common currency debate concerns proposals for a shared or alternative…

The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement is a US$100 billion currency-swap…

BRICS Plus is a diplomatic outreach format under which the BRICS grouping…

The Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur is an early-11th-century Chola Shiva…

The Bru-Reang Agreement is a January 2020 quadripartite accord permanently…

Bt brinjal is a genetically engineered eggplant carrying a Bacillus…

Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety engineered with genes from…

A budget deficit is the amount by which a government's total expenditure…

The Business Correspondent Model is an RBI-authorised framework permitting…

CAATSA is a 2017 U.S. law mandating sanctions on entities transacting with…

The Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 was a British proposal for transferring power to…

The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 was a British proposal for a federal union of…

The Cadre Allocation Policy 2017 is the Indian framework grouping state cadres…

The Cali Fund is a multilateral mechanism established under the Convention on…

The call money market is the segment of the money market where banks borrow and…

The Capacity Building Commission is an Indian executive body established in…

Capital expenditure is government spending that creates assets or reduces…

Capital receipts are government revenues that either create a liability or…

CAR-T cell therapy is a cancer treatment that genetically reengineers a…

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a 2000 treaty under the Convention on…

The Cartosat series is a constellation of Indian Earth-observation satellites…

The caste and class relationship describes how India's ritual hierarchy of…

Caste is a closed system of social stratification in which membership is…

A caste census is the systematic enumeration of a population by caste identity…

Caste-based mobilisation is the organised aggregation of caste groups into…

Casteism is the practice of social discrimination, prejudice, and hierarchical…

The CE-20 is an Indian cryogenic rocket engine developed by ISRO that burns…

The Census of India 1881 was the first synchronous, empire-wide enumeration of…

The Census of India 2011 was the fifteenth national census, enumerating a…

A census town is a settlement that lacks a municipal civic body but satisfies…

The Central Administrative Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that…

The Central Armed Police Forces are seven armed police organisations of India's…

The Central Asian Flyway is a migratory bird route covering 30 countries from…

The Central Assembly Bomb Incident was the 8 April 1929 throwing of two…

The Central Board of Direct Taxes is the apex statutory body that administers…

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs is a statutory body under…

The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964 prescribe ethical and…

The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission is India's statutory central…

Central GST is the component of India's Goods and Services Tax levied and…

The Central Industrial Security Force is a Central Armed Police Force under…

The Central Information Commission is a statutory body established under the…

The Central Pollution Control Board is India's statutory apex body for…

The Central Reserve Police Force is India's largest central armed police force,…

The Central Staffing Scheme is the institutional mechanism through which All…

The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 confers statutory status on India's…

The Central Zoo Authority is a statutory body under India's Wild Life…

Centrally Sponsored Schemes are development programmes formulated by India's…

CERT-In is India's national nodal agency for responding to cybersecurity…

A cess is an earmarked tax levied by the Government of India over and above the…

Chabahar Port is a deep-water port on Iran's Gulf of Oman coast developed with…

The Chabahar-Zahedan Railway is a 628-kilometre Iranian rail line connecting…

Chalukya temple architecture is a South Indian building tradition that fused…

The Champaran Satyagraha was Mohandas Gandhi's 1917 campaign in Bihar against…

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe, launched by ISRO on 22 October…

Chandrayaan-2 was India's second lunar exploration mission, launched by ISRO in…

The Charter Act of 1793 was a British statute that renewed the East India…

The Charter Act of 1833 was a British statute that renewed the East India…

The Charter Act of 1853 was British legislation renewing the East India…

The Chauri Chaura Incident was the 4 February 1922 burning of a police station…

The Chauri Chaura Incident was a 4 February 1922 clash in which protesters set…

The Chennakeshava Temple at Belur is a 12th-century Hoysala-era Vaishnavite…

Cheraw is a traditional bamboo dance of Mizoram, India, in which dancers step…

Chhau is a semi-classical Indian dance tradition combining martial movement,…

The Chief of Defence Staff is India's senior-most uniformed military officer,…

Child budgeting is a public-finance method that disaggregates government…

Child Sex Ratio is the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the population aged 0…

Chilika Lake is a brackish coastal lagoon on Odisha's eastern coast, India's…

Chilika Lake is a brackish coastal lagoon on India's eastern coast in Odisha,…

The Chittagong Armoury Raid was an armed insurrection on 18 April 1930 in which…

The Chittagong Armoury Raid was an April 1930 armed insurrection led by Surya…

Chola temple architecture is the South Indian Dravidian building style…

CITES Appendix I lists species threatened with extinction for which…

CITES Appendix II lists species not necessarily threatened with extinction but…

CITES Appendix III lists species that any single member state protects within…

A Citizen's Charter is a published document in which a public agency commits to…

The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 is an Indian statute that…

A Civil Registration System is the continuous, permanent, compulsory recording…

Civil service neutrality is the principle that permanent government officials…

A Civil Services Board is a statutory or executive body that recommends…

CMS Appendix I lists migratory species threatened with extinction, obligating…

CMS COP13 Gandhinagar was the 13th Conference of the Parties to the Convention…

The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification is an Indian environmental regulation…

The Coastal Security Scheme is a centrally sponsored programme launched by…

The Colombo Security Conclave is a minilateral maritime-security grouping of…

COMCASA is a 2018 India-US foundational defence agreement enabling secure,…

Committed bureaucracy is the doctrine that civil servants should be…

The Committee of Creditors is the body of financial creditors that governs…

The Committee on the Status of Women in India was a government body constituted…

Common Service Centres are India's network of physical access points delivering…

The Communal Award was British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's 1932 decision…

Communal violence is organized or spontaneous conflict between religious,…

Communalism is the political mobilisation of religious community identity as…

The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Indian insurgent organisation…

Community Forest Resource Rights are collective rights under India's Forest…

A Community Reserve is a category of protected area in India, declared on…

The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act 2016 is an Indian law that…

CAMPA is India's statutory authority that manages funds collected from users…

The Competition Commission of India is the statutory body established under the…

Competitive federalism is a governance model in which states compete with one…

Composite culture, known in India as Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb, denotes the…

The Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism is a draft UN treaty…

The Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System is India's…

Connect Central Asia is India's 2012 diplomatic and economic engagement…

Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate are the two mandatory regulatory…

A conservation reserve is a category of protected area in India, declared on…

Consumer Price Index inflation measures the rate of change in retail prices of…

The Contingency Fund of India is a corpus established under Article 267(1) of…

The CSC is an IAEA treaty establishing a global nuclear liability regime that…

The CMS is a 1979 intergovernmental treaty under the United Nations Environment…

Corbett Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Uttarakhand, India, established as…

Core Banking Solution is centralized banking software that lets a customer…

The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process is the time-bound mechanism under…

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is India's largest publicly…

The creamy layer is the relatively wealthy and advanced segment of India's…

The creamy layer doctrine excludes the socially and economically advanced…

A Crew Escape System is a rocket-powered safety mechanism that pulls an…

The Cripps Mission was a March 1942 British attempt to secure Indian…

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome-editing technology that uses a guide RNA and the Cas9…

Critical Information Infrastructure is a computer resource whose incapacitation…

Critical Wildlife Habitat is an area of a national park or sanctuary in India,…

The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring during a year per…

The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a year per 1,000 mid-year…

A cryogenic engine is a rocket propulsion system that burns liquefied gases…

A cryogenic upper stage is a rocket stage that burns liquid hydrogen and liquid…

The Cyber Swachhta Kendra is India's national botnet cleaning and malware…

The Dandi March was a 24-day, 385-kilometre protest walk led by Mahatma Gandhi…

Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001) is a Supreme Court of India ruling…

Dawood Ibrahim is a fugitive Indian crime boss who heads D-Company, a…

De-radicalisation reverses an individual's existing extremist beliefs, while…

De-Sanskritisation is the process by which lower castes or groups abandon…

Decadal population growth rate is the percentage change in a country's…

The Deccan Riots were an 1875 agrarian uprising by Marathi peasants in the…

Decentralised planning is a model of economic and developmental planning in…

DDU-GKY is India's central rural placement-linked skilling scheme launched in…

The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission is India's…

Deendayal Port, formerly Kandla Port, is a Major Port on India's Gujarat coast…

Deepor Beel is a permanent freshwater lake and Ramsar site on the south-western…

The Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 is India's framework governing capital…

The Defence Cyber Agency is India's tri-service military command responsible…

Defence Industrial Corridors are designated geographic clusters in Uttar…

The Defence Intelligence Agency is India's apex tripartite military…

The Defence Research and Development Laboratory is a Hyderabad-based DRDO…

The Defence Research and Development Organisation is India's premier military…

Deficit financing is the practice of meeting government expenditure that…

The Demographic Transition Model describes the historical shift of populations…

The demographic window of opportunity is the period when a country's…

Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes are Indian communities that were…

The Department of Atomic Energy is the Indian government department that…

The Department of Military Affairs is the fifth department of India's Ministry…

The dependency ratio is the number of people aged under 15 and over 64…

The DICGC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India that…

The Depsang Plains are a high-altitude tableland in eastern Ladakh near the…

The Dhar Commission was the Linguistic Provinces Commission appointed by…

The Dharasana Salt Satyagraha was a nonviolent raid on the Dharasana Salt Works…

A differentiated banking licence is a Reserve Bank of India authorisation…

DigiLocker is an Indian government cloud platform that issues, stores, and…

The Digital India Programme is an Indian government initiative launched in 2015…

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 is India's first comprehensive…

The Dilwara Jain Temples are a complex of five marble Śvetāmbara Jain temples…

The Direct Tax Code is a proposed Indian legislative framework intended to…

The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence is India's apex anti-smuggling…

The Dirty Dozen are the original twelve persistent organic pollutants targeted…

Discretionary grants under Article 282 of the Indian Constitution empower the…

A Disturbed Area Declaration is a government notification designating a…

A Disturbed Areas Act is an Indian statute that lets a state or the Centre…

Dividend Distribution Tax was a levy imposed on Indian companies on the…

The divisible pool is the portion of central tax revenue that the Union of…

DMH-11 is a genetically modified hybrid mustard developed by Delhi University…

The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill is Indian draft…

The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 was an Indian…

The "Do or Die" call was Mahatma Gandhi's exhortation delivered on 8 August…

The doctrine of colourable legislation holds that a legislature cannot do…

The Doctrine of Eclipse holds that a pre-Constitution law inconsistent with…

The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction is a rule of statutory and…

The doctrine of pith and substance upholds a law whose true subject falls…

Prospective overruling is a judicial technique whereby a court declares a new…

The doctrine of severability holds that when a statute is partly…

The doctrine of territorial nexus permits a legislature to enact laws operating…

Domestic Systemically Important Banks are banks whose failure would disrupt a…

A dominant caste is a caste that holds preponderant numerical strength,…

A Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement is a bilateral tax treaty that allocates…

The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 is an Indian statute that criminalises the…

The Drain of Wealth Theory holds that British colonial rule systematically…

The Dravida style is a South Indian temple architecture tradition defined by a…

The Defence Research and Development Organisation is India's apex agency for…

The dugong is a large herbivorous marine mammal of the order Sirenia, listed as…

Duqm Port is a deep-water commercial and strategic harbour on Oman's Arabian…

The Durand Line is the 2,640-kilometre boundary between Afghanistan and…

Dyarchy was the system of dual provincial government introduced by the…

The e-Courts Mission Mode Project is an Indian government initiative to…

e-NAM is an Indian pan-national electronic trading portal that networks…

e-Office is a digital workplace product developed by India's National…

The E-Waste (Management) Rules 2022 are India's regulatory framework, notified…

An E-Way Bill is an electronic document generated on the GST portal that…

The Ease of Doing Business ranking was a World Bank index that scored economies…

An Eco-Sensitive Zone is a regulated buffer area around protected forests,…

Eco-Sensitive Zones are regulated buffer areas around protected forests,…

Effective Revenue Deficit is India's revenue deficit minus grants given to…

Eklavya Model Residential Schools are Indian government-funded residential…

The Elderly in India 2021 is a statistical report published by India's National…

The Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution of India lists 29 functional subjects…

An endemic species is one whose natural distribution is restricted to a single…

Endogamy is the social rule requiring marriage within a defined group such as a…

The Enforcement Directorate is India's financial investigation agency under the…

The EIA Notification 2006 is the Indian regulation under the Environment…

The Equal Remuneration Act 1976 is an Indian statute mandating equal pay for…

India's Equalisation Levy is a direct tax imposed on consideration received by…

The Essential Religious Practices Test is a judicial doctrine by which Indian…

Eutrophication is the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, chiefly…

Ex-situ conservation is the protection of biological diversity by maintaining…

In the Indian Union Budget, the Receipt Budget details all government incomings…

The Export Preparedness Index is a NITI Aayog ranking that measures the export…

Extended Producer Responsibility is an environmental policy principle that…

The External Benchmark Lending Rate is the interest rate at which Indian banks…

The Faceless Assessment Scheme is an Indian tax-administration system that…

A Farmer Producer Organisation is a legally registered collective of…

The Fast Breeder Test Reactor is a sodium-cooled experimental fast reactor at…

The FATF 40 Recommendations are the international standards on combating money…

The FATF Grey List is the Financial Action Task Force's roster of jurisdictions…

The female labour force participation rate measures the share of working-age…

Feminisation of agriculture is the rising share of women in agricultural labour…

The Fifteenth Finance Commission was the constitutional body, constituted in…

The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution governs the administration and…

The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the administration…

The fifty percent ceiling is a judicially imposed limit holding that total…

The Finance Commission is a constitutional body under Article 280 that…

The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body constituted every five…

Financial Intelligence Unit-India is the central national agency that receives,…

The Financial Stability and Development Council is India's apex body for…

The Finger Area is a set of eight ridge spurs along the north bank of Pangong…

The First Administrative Reforms Commission was a 1966 advisory body that…

The First Administrative Reforms Commission was a 1966 Indian body whose study…

The First Amendment Act, 1951 was the first amendment to the Constitution of…

The First Appellate Authority is a senior officer designated under the Right to…

The First Indian National Congress session convened in Bombay from 28 to 31…

The First Round Table Conference was a 1930–31 meeting in London convened by…

Fiscal consolidation is the set of deliberate government policies that reduce…

Fiscal drag is the automatic increase in a government's real tax revenue when…

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 is an Indian statute…

The FRBM Act, 2003 is an Indian statute that mandates fiscal discipline by…

Fiscal stimulus is government action to raise aggregate demand through…

The Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty is a proposed multilateral agreement that…

Five Year Plans are centralised quinquennial economic blueprints that set…

A flagship species is a charismatic species selected to act as a symbol for a…

A flexible inflation targeting framework is a monetary policy regime under…

A floor test is a constitutional procedure in which a chief minister or…

The FSSAI is India's statutory food regulator established under the Food Safety…

The FSSAI is India's apex statutory regulator for food safety, established…

The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 is an Indian statute that…

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 is an Indian statute that regulates…

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is an Indian statute requiring central…

The Fortaleza Declaration is the 72-point communiqué adopted by Brazil, Russia,…

FIPIC is an Indian diplomatic initiative launched in 2014 to deepen cooperation…

The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were a set of constitutional demands framed by…

The Fourth Schedule of India's Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act lists…

The FRBM escape clause is a statutory provision permitting the Union government…

The 3% of GDP fiscal deficit ceiling is the benchmark target set under India's…

The Free Movement Regime is a bilateral arrangement permitting tribal residents…

Fundamental Duties are the eleven moral obligations of Indian citizens…

The G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group is a sherpa-track body,…

The G20 Finance Track is the workstream of finance ministers and central bank…

India held the rotating presidency of the G20 from December 1, 2022, to…

The G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration is the consensus outcome document…

The G20 Sherpa Track is the non-financial negotiating stream of the G20, run by…

The G4 Nations are Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan, four states that mutually…

The G7 Hiroshima Summit India Outreach refers to India's participation as an…

GAGAN is India's satellite-based augmentation system, jointly developed by ISRO…

Gaganyaan is India's first crewed orbital spaceflight programme, designed to…

TV-D1 was ISRO's October 2023 uncrewed flight test that validated the Gaganyaan…

The Galwan Valley Clash was a violent confrontation on 15 June 2020 between…

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed on 5 March 1931 between…

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed on 5 March 1931 between…

The Gandhian Plan was a 1944 economic blueprint by S.N. Agarwal that…

Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple is the early-11th-century Shiva temple built by…

The Gangetic river dolphin is a freshwater cetacean of the…

Garba and Dandiya Raas are devotional folk dances from Gujarat performed during…

The garbhagriha is the innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple, a small windowless…

Gee's Golden Langur is an endangered Old World primate endemic to western…

India's Gender Budget Statement, Statement 13 of the Union Budget Expenditure…

Gender budgeting is the application of a gender lens to the entire budget cycle…

A gene drive is a genetic engineering technique that biases inheritance so a…

Gene therapy is a medical technique that treats or prevents disease by…

General Anti-Avoidance Rules are statutory provisions empowering tax…

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is India's apex statutory body that…

A genetically modified organism is any plant, animal, or microbe whose genetic…

The Genome India Project is an Indian government initiative to sequence and…

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle is an Indian expendable rocket…

The Ghadar Movement was an early-twentieth-century revolutionary campaign…

The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered fish-eating…

Ghoomar is a traditional folk and community dance of Rajasthan performed by…

Giddha is a vigorous folk dance performed by women of the Punjab region,…

Gir National Park is a protected area in Gujarat, India, that is the sole…

The Global Biofuels Alliance is an India-led intergovernmental coalition…

The Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership is an Indian autonomous…

The Global Minimum Corporate Tax is an OECD-brokered rule ensuring large…

The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence is a multilateral initiative,…

Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967) was a Supreme Court of India ruling that…

Golaknath v. State of Punjab was a 1967 Indian Supreme Court ruling that held…

Golden Rice is a genetically engineered rice variety biofortified to produce…

The Goods and Services Tax is a destination-based, multi-stage indirect tax…

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian liberal nationalist, economist, and Indian…

A gopuram is the monumental, ornamented gateway tower over the entrance of a…

Gotipua is a traditional dance form of Odisha performed by pre-adolescent boys…

The Governing Council of NITI Aayog is the apex deliberative body comprising…

Government e-Marketplace is India's online procurement portal through which…

The Government of India Act 1909, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, expanded…

The Government of India Act 1919 was a British statute that introduced dyarchy…

The Governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state under Article 153,…

The Gram Sabha is the village assembly of all adult members empowered under the…

Grants-in-Aid under Article 275 of the Indian Constitution are statutory…

Grants-in-aid are fiscal transfers from the Union government to states under…

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime produced by…

The Great Green Wall is a pan-African initiative launched by the African Union…

The Great Himalayan National Park is a protected area in Kullu district,…

The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered large grassland bird…

The Great Living Chola Temples are three 11th–12th century Dravidian temples in…

The Greyhounds are an elite commando force raised by Andhra Pradesh in 1989 to…

Gross NPA is the total value of a bank's non-performing loans, while Net NPA is…

Gross tax revenue is the total tax collected by a government before deducting…

GSAT is the Indian Space Research Organisation's series of geostationary…

The GSLV Mk III, redesignated LVM3, is ISRO's heaviest operational launch…

The GST Appellate Tribunal is India's statutory body that hears appeals against…

The GST Compensation Cess is a levy imposed on specified luxury and demerit…

The GST Compensation Cess is a levy imposed on certain luxury and demerit goods…

The GST Composition Scheme is a simplified tax option under India's GST law…

The GST Council is a constitutional body under Article 279A of the Indian…

The GST Network is a non-profit company that builds and operates the shared IT…

The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles articulated by Indian statesman…

The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is a 10,500 sq km marine protected area…

The HAL Tejas is an indigenous Indian single-engine, multirole light combat…

The Hangul, or Kashmir stag (Cervus hanglu hanglu), is a critically endangered…

Hasta Mudra are codified hand gestures used in Indian classical dance and…

Hawala is an informal value transfer system that moves money across borders…

The Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules…

Headline inflation measures the total change in consumer prices including food…

HELINA and Dhruvastra are the helicopter-launched variants of India's…

Herbicide-Tolerant Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton stacking…

The Higgs boson is an elementary particle that is the quantum excitation of the…

The High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora was a body constituted by the…

The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 made daughters coparceners by birth…

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was a revolutionary organization…

Hokera Wetland is a high-altitude freshwater marsh in Jammu and Kashmir, India,…

A holding-together federation is a multi-ethnic state where a previously…

The Home Rule Movement was an Indian political agitation launched in 1916 by…

Homi Jehangir Bhabha was an Indian nuclear physicist who founded India's atomic…

Homo Hierarchicus is Louis Dumont's 1966 structuralist theory holding that the…

Horizontal devolution distributes funds among states, while vertical devolution…

The horizontal devolution formula is the criteria-and-weights scheme a Finance…

Hoysala temple architecture is a regional South Indian building style developed…

The Human Genome Project was an international scientific effort, completed in…

Human trafficking is the recruitment, transport, or harbouring of persons…

The Hunter Commission was a 1919 British government committee that investigated…

The Hybrid Annuity Model is a public-private partnership road-financing…

The Hyde Act is a 2006 U.S. law that exempted India from specific provisions of…

The HSTDV is an Indian unmanned scramjet-powered demonstrator developed by the…

I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is the Supreme Court of India…

I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a unanimous nine-judge Supreme…

I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a unanimous nine-judge Supreme…

I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a Supreme Court of India ruling…

I2U2 is a 2021 minilateral grouping of India, Israel, the United Arab Emirates,…

Central deputation is the mechanism under the IAS (Cadre) Rules, 1954 by which…

The IBSA Dialogue Forum is a trilateral coordination mechanism uniting India,…

The IBSA Fund is a trilateral development cooperation facility financed by…

iCET is a US-India bilateral framework launched in 2023 to deepen cooperation…

The Idate Commission was a 2014 Indian government commission tasked with…

iDEX is an Indian Ministry of Defence framework launched in 2018 that funds…

The iGOT Karmayogi Platform is India's online learning and…

The Ilbert Bill of 1883 was a British Indian legislative proposal to let Indian…

Imperative planning is a centralized economic system in which the state issues…

An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area is a site identified by BirdLife…

In re Berubari Union was a 1960 advisory opinion of the Supreme Court of India…

In-situ conservation is the protection of species, populations, and genetic…

IN-SPACe is India's autonomous space-sector regulator and promoter, while…

The Income Tax Act, 1961 is the principal Indian statute governing the levy,…

The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986 is an Indian…

The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous United Nations award honouring…

India is the largest cumulative contributor of troops to United Nations…

India holds UNESCO World Heritage status for cultural, natural, and mixed sites…

Vishwa Guru is India's soft-power narrative framing the country as a teacher…

The India Debt Resolution Company Ltd is a government-backed asset management…

India Stack is a set of open application programming interfaces and digital…

The India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement is a 2009 trade-in-goods pact between…

The India-Bangladesh enclaves were sovereign pockets of one country's territory…

The India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement is a treaty operationalised by…

The India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement is the 2015 treaty that swapped…

The India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty 2007 is the revised bilateral treaty…

The Special Representatives Mechanism is a bilateral framework established by…

The India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement is a proposed free…

The India-EU Connectivity Partnership is a 2021 bilateral framework linking…

The India-EU Trade and Technology Council is a bilateral strategic coordination…

The India-EU Trade and Technology Council is a bilateral strategic coordination…

The India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement is the 2009 facility-specific accord…

The India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement is a 2009 accord placing India's civilian…

The India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is a recurring strategic consultation…

The India-Japan ACSA is a 2020 bilateral defence pact enabling the Indian and…

The India-Japan Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement is a 2016 bilateral treaty…

The India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership is the bilateral…

The India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership is the elevated…

IMEC is a multimodal rail-and-shipping connectivity project linking India to…

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor is a multimodal…

The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway is a 1,360-km road link…

The India-Russia Annual Summit is an institutionalized yearly meeting between…

The India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership is the formal…

The India-Russia Strategic Partnership is the formal bilateral framework,…

The India-Sri Lanka Economic Partnership Vision is a 2023 bilateral document…

The India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is a recurring strategic forum in which…

The India-US Civil Nuclear Deal is a 2008 bilateral agreement permitting full…

The Separation Plan (2006) is India's scheme identifying which of its nuclear…

India's Additional Protocol with the IAEA is a 2009 agreement granting the…

India is one of the largest cumulative troop contributors to United Nations…

India's Female Formed Police Unit in Liberia was the first all-women contingent…

No First Use is India's declared nuclear policy committing it to retaliate with…

No First Use is India's declared nuclear policy committing it to retaliate but…

India served a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the United Nations…

India's NSG membership bid is its formal effort, launched in 2008 and applied…

India's nuclear triad is its capability to deliver nuclear weapons from three…

The Indian Administrative Service is the premier All India Service that staffs…

The Indian Arms Act 1878 was a colonial statute that prohibited Indians from…

The Indian Coast Guard is an armed maritime law-enforcement and…

The Indian Councils Act 1861 was a British statute that reconstituted the…

The Indian Councils Act 1892 was a British statute that enlarged the…

The Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre is an attached office of India's…

The Indian Forest Service is one of India's three All India Services,…

The Indian Home Rule League was a 1916 nationalist movement led by Bal…

The Indian Mujahideen is a banned Islamist terrorist organisation that…

The Indian National Army was an armed force of Indian prisoners of war and…

The Indian one-horned rhinoceros is a large herbivorous mammal native to the…

The Indian Police Service is one of the three All India Services, constituted…

Indian Rare Earths Limited is a public-sector enterprise under India's…

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System is an autonomous satellite…

Indian Rhino Vision 2020 was a conservation programme launched in 2005 to…

The Indian Space Policy 2023 is the Government of India's framework…

Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala is the 2018 Supreme Court…

Indicative planning is a market-based form of economic planning in which the…

The IndiGen Genome Project is a CSIR-led initiative launched in 2019 to…

The Indigo Revolt was an 1859-60 uprising by Bengal peasants who refused to…

The Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research is India's premier nuclear…

Individual Satyagraha was a limited civil-disobedience campaign launched by…

Individual Satyagraha was a limited, symbolic civil-disobedience campaign…

The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative is an India-led framework, announced in…

The IPMDA is a Quad-led initiative launched in 2022 that fuses commercial…

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police is an Indian Central Armed Police Force raised…

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Supreme Court of India judgment…

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Supreme Court of India judgment…

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Supreme Court of India judgment…

Induced pluripotent stem cells are mature adult cells reprogrammed into an…

The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under one year of…

India's inflation tolerance band is the 2–6% Consumer Price Index target range,…

The Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region is an Indian Navy-hosted…

The Information Technology Act, 2000 is India's primary statute governing…

Informational self-determination is the constitutional right of individuals to…

The Inner Line Permit is an official travel document required by Indian…

Input Tax Credit is the mechanism under India's GST that allows a registered…

INS Arihant is India's first indigenously built nuclear-powered ballistic…

INS Vikrant is India's first domestically designed and built aircraft carrier,…

The Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose geostationary…

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India is the statutory regulator that…

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is India's consolidated law providing…

The IRDAI is India's statutory regulator for the insurance and reinsurance…

The Integrated Check Post at Attari is India's land border facility on the…

The Integrated Child Development Services is an Indian government scheme…

Integrated GST is the component of India's Goods and Services Tax levied by the…

The IGMDP was India's 1983 defence research initiative to indigenously design…

The Intelligence Bureau is India's internal intelligence and…

The Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979 is an Indian central statute…

Intergovernmental Negotiations are the UN General Assembly forum, established…

IPBES is an independent intergovernmental body established in 2012 to…

Internal migration in India is the movement of people across district, state,…

The International Border is the mutually recognised, legally demarcated…

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is…

The IORA Jakarta Concord is the 2017 declaration adopted at the first Indian…

Islamic State Khorasan Province is the Afghanistan-Pakistan regional affiliate…

The IT Rules, 2021 are Indian regulations governing online intermediaries,…

ITER is an international megaproject in southern France building the world's…

Critically Endangered is the highest threat category on the IUCN Red List for…

Extinct in the Wild is the IUCN Red List category for a taxon that survives…

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a global inventory that assesses the…

Vulnerable (VU) is the IUCN Red List threat category for species facing a high…

Jaduguda Uranium Mines, located in Jharkhand's East Singhbhum district, are…

A jagati is the raised platform or plinth on which a Hindu temple stands,…

Jaish-e-Mohammed is a Pakistan-based Islamist militant group founded in 2000…

Jal Jeevan Mission is a Government of India flagship programme launched in 2019…

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the killing of unarmed Indians by British…

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the killing of unarmed Indian civilians by…

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019 is an Indian statute that split…

Jati is the endogamous, occupation-linked local kinship group that constitutes…

Jawaharlal Nehru Port is India's largest container-handling port, located at…

Jerdon's Courser is a critically endangered nocturnal bird endemic to the…

The Johannesburg II Declaration is the outcome document of the 15th BRICS…

The Joint Intelligence Committee is India's apex body for collating and…

Joseph Shine v. Union of India is a 2018 Supreme Court of India judgment that…

Judicial review of President's Rule is the constitutional power of Indian…

The June 3 Plan of 1947 was the British scheme, announced by Viceroy Lord…

The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee was an Indian expert panel constituted…

The Jeevan Reddy Committee was a five-member panel constituted by India in 2004…

The Puttaswamy (Aadhaar) Judgment is the 2018 Supreme Court of India ruling…

The K-15 Sagarika is India's short-range submarine-launched ballistic missile,…

The K-4 is an Indian intermediate-range, nuclear-capable submarine-launched…

The K. S. Puttaswamy judgment is the 2017 Indian Supreme Court ruling that…

K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) is the Indian Supreme Court judgment…

K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) is the Indian Supreme Court judgment…

K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) is the Indian Supreme Court judgment…

The Kailasanathar Temple is an early-eighth-century Pallava sandstone temple in…

The Kakori Conspiracy was the 9 August 1925 armed robbery of a government…

The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project is an India-funded shipping,…

The Kalapani territory dispute is a boundary disagreement between India and…

The kalasha is the crowning pot-shaped finial that surmounts the superstructure…

Kalbelia is a folk dance of the Kalbelia snake-charmer community of Rajasthan,…

The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is the largest and most ornate surviving Chandela…

Kanha Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Madhya Pradesh, India, established…

The Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress, held in March 1931,…

The Karbi Anglong Agreement is a 2021 tripartite peace accord between five…

The Kargil Review Committee was a four-member panel constituted by the…

The Kartarpur Corridor is a visa-free border crossing connecting Dera Baba…

Katchatheevu is an uninhabited island in the Palk Strait that India ceded to…

Kathak gharanas are the three principal hereditary stylistic lineages of the…

The Kazan Declaration is the 134-paragraph outcome document adopted at the 16th…

Kaziranga National Park is a protected area in Assam, India, established in…

Keibul Lamjao National Park is a floating national park in Manipur, India,…

Keoladeo Ghana is a wetland in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, designated a Ramsar Site…

Keoladeo National Park is a wetland reserve in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India,…

Kerala Kalamandalam is a deemed-university institution at Cheruthuruthy,…

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) is the Supreme Court of India…

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) is the Indian Supreme Court…

The Keshava Temple at Somanathapura is a 13th-century Hoysala Vaishnava temple…

Keshavan Madhava Menon v. State of Bombay (1951) was the first Supreme Court of…

A keystone species is an organism whose presence and ecological role…

A keystone species is an organism whose presence and ecological role…

The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a complex of Hindu and Jain temples built…

A khap panchayat is an unelected caste- or clan-based assembly of village…

The Kheda Satyagraha was a 1918 no-tax campaign in Gujarat's Kheda district led…

The Kheda Satyagraha was a 1918 peasant campaign in Gujarat led by Mahatma…

The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamic political campaign in British India…

The Know India Programme is an Indian government orientation programme that…

The Kol Rebellion was an 1831-32 tribal uprising in the Chotanagpur plateau…

The Kothari Committee was a 1976 expert body that redesigned India's Civil…

The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is India's largest nuclear power station,…

Kudumbashree is Kerala's state-sponsored poverty eradication and women's…

Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport is ISRO's second launch complex, under…

The L.69 Group is a cross-regional coalition of developing countries from Asia,…

Lagrange Point L1 is the equilibrium point between two large bodies, such as…

The Lakhpati Didi Scheme is an Indian government initiative to enable rural…

The Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration is India's apex…

Lala Lajpat Rai (1865–1928) was an Indian nationalist leader, member of the…

Land Degradation Neutrality is a state in which the amount and quality of land…

The Land Ports Authority of India is a statutory body under India's Ministry of…

Lashkar-e-Taiba is a Pakistan-based Islamist militant organisation, designated…

Lateral entry is the recruitment of mid- and senior-level specialists from the…

The Latina shikhara is a curvilinear, single-spired superstructure of the…

Lavani is a Maharashtrian folk performance form combining rhythmic song,…

LEMOA is a 2016 bilateral agreement allowing India and the United States to use…

The level of urbanisation is the percentage of a population residing in urban…

Life expectancy at birth in India is the average number of years a newborn…

Lines of Credit are concessional government-to-government loans extended…

The Linguistic Reorganisation of States is the redrawing of India's internal…

The lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) is an endangered Old World monkey…

The Liquidity Adjustment Facility is a Reserve Bank of India monetary-policy…

The Lokayukta is a statutory anti-corruption ombudsman established by Indian…

The Lokpal of India is the national anti-corruption ombudsman established under…

Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India, located in…

Lone wolf terrorism is a politically or ideologically motivated attack carried…

Long-Term Capital Gains Tax is a direct tax levied on profit from the sale of…

The Longitudinal Ageing Study in India is a nationally representative panel…

The Lucknow Pact was a 1916 agreement between the Indian National Congress and…

The LWE-Affected Districts development framework is a Government of India…

M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006) is a Supreme Court of India judgment…

MADAD is the Indian Ministry of External Affairs online portal that registers,…

The Madhukar Gupta Committee was a 2016 Indian government panel that reviewed…

The Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999 is a state anti-mafia…

MAHASAGAR is India's 2025 maritime doctrine extending its earlier SAGAR…

The Maitri Setu is a 1.9-kilometre bridge over the Feni River connecting…

Major Defence Partner is a unique designation the United States conferred on…

Make in India is an Indian government initiative launched in 2014 to transform…

The Malabar Naval Exercise is an annual multilateral maritime exercise…

The Mamallapuram Summit was the second India-China informal summit, held on…

The Mamallapuram Summit 2019 was the second informal summit between Indian…

Manas National Park is a protected area in western Assam, India, that is…

The Mandal Commission was India's Second Backwards Classes Commission whose…

A mandapa is a pillared, often open hall in Indian temple architecture that…

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) is a landmark Indian Supreme Court…

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) is a landmark Indian Supreme Court…

Mangal Pandey was a sepoy of the British East India Company's 34th Bengal…

Mangalyaan, India's Mars Orbiter Mission, was a 2013 ISRO spacecraft that made…

Mangalyaan-2 is the Indian Space Research Organisation's second Mars…

Margam is the structured concert sequence of classical Bharatanatyam, an…

The Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate is the minimum interest rate…

The MCLR is the minimum interest rate, introduced by the Reserve Bank of India…

The Marginal Standing Facility is an overnight Reserve Bank of India window…

The Market Stabilisation Scheme is a monetary instrument under which the…

The Mars Orbiter Mission, called Mangalyaan, was India's first interplanetary…

The Matarbari Deep Sea Port is a deepwater commercial harbour under…

The Maternal Mortality Ratio is the number of maternal deaths during a given…

The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 is an Indian statute that extended…

The Mathura School of Art was an indigenous Indian sculptural tradition centred…

MCA21 is the Indian Ministry of Corporate Affairs' e-governance project that…

The McMahon Line is the boundary between Tibet and British India agreed at the…

India's median age—the age dividing its population into two numerically equal…

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021 is an Indian statute…

Mekong-Ganga Cooperation is a six-member regional grouping of India and five…

A MGNREGA social audit is a mandatory public examination of rural employment…

Million-Plus Cities are urban agglomerations or cities in India recorded by the…

Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe methylmercury…

Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980) is a Supreme Court of India…

Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980) is a Supreme Court of India judgment…

Minimum Alternate Tax is an Indian direct tax requiring companies to pay tax on…

Mission Shakti is an Indian government umbrella scheme launched in 2021 to…

Mission Shakti was India's March 2019 anti-satellite test in which a missile…

The Mizo Accord of 1986 was a peace agreement signed between the Government of…

Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985) was a landmark Indian Supreme Court…

Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985) is a Supreme Court of India ruling…

Shah Bano Begum (1985) was a Supreme Court of India judgment holding that a…

The Monetary Policy Framework Agreement 2015 is a formal accord between the…

Monetised deficit is the portion of a government's fiscal deficit financed by…

A Money Bill is a bill that exclusively contains provisions dealing with the…

The money multiplier is the ratio of the total money supply to the monetary…

Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced antibodies engineered from a…

The Montagu Declaration of 1917 was a British statement promising the gradual…

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were constitutional changes introduced by the…

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were constitutional changes enacted through the…

The Montreux Record is a register of Ramsar wetlands where ecological character…

The Moplah Rebellion was a 1921 uprising by Muslim Mappila peasants and tenants…

The Morley-Minto Reforms were the constitutional changes enacted through the…

The Morley-Minto Reforms were the 1909 British statutory changes that expanded…

The Motihari-Amlekhgunj Petroleum Pipeline is a 69-kilometre cross-border…

The Mountbatten Plan, announced on 3 June 1947, set out the procedure for…

An mRNA vaccine delivers laboratory-synthesised messenger RNA that instructs…

An mRNA vaccine platform delivers synthetic messenger RNA encoding a pathogen…

The Multi-Agency Centre is a centralised intelligence-sharing body under…

The Multilateral Fund is the financial mechanism of the Montreal Protocol that…

The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail is India's first bullet-train corridor, a…

The Munda Rebellion, known as Ulgulan, was a tribal uprising led by Birsa Munda…

The Munda Rebellion, called Ulgulan ("Great Tumult"), was a tribal uprising led…

The Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) of 1899–1900 was a tribal uprising in the Chota…

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 is an Indian…

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 is an Indian…

The N.K. Singh FRBM Review Committee was a 2016 panel that recommended…

The Nachiket Mor Committee was a 2013–14 Reserve Bank of India panel that…

Nag is an Indian indigenously developed third-generation, fire-and-forget…

The Naga Framework Agreement is a 2015 accord signed between the Government of…

Naga People's Movement of Human Rights v. Union of India is the 1997 Supreme…

The Nagara style is the North Indian temple architectural tradition…

The Nagpur Session of the Indian National Congress, held in December 1920,…

NALSA v. Union of India (2014) is the Indian Supreme Court judgment that…

NAMASTE is an Indian central-sector scheme launched in 2022 to mechanise sewer…

Namdapha National Park is a 1,985-square-kilometre protected area and tiger…

The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO-designated protected ecosystem in…

Nandini Sundar v. State of Chhattisgarh (2011) is a Supreme Court of India…

Narco-terrorism is the convergence of drug trafficking and terrorist violence,…

The Naresh Chandra Task Force was a 14-member committee constituted by India's…

Nari Adalat is an all-women village-level grievance redressal forum in India…

The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam is India's 106th Constitutional Amendment Act…

Narrow money (M1) measures the most liquid components of the money supply,…

The National Anti-Profiteering Authority was a statutory body in India that…

The National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited is India's government-backed…

NABARD is India's apex development financial institution, established in 1982…

The National Biopharma Mission is a Government of India programme launched in…

The National Board for Wildlife is a statutory advisory body under India's…

The National Commission for Backward Classes is a constitutional body under…

The National Commission for Safai Karamcharis is an Indian advisory body that…

The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is a constitutional body…

The National Commission for Women is an Indian statutory body created in 1992…

The National Commission on Population is an Indian apex advisory body,…

The National Committee for Strengthening Maritime and Coastal Security is…

The National Company Law Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that…

The NCIIPC is India's national nodal agency, established in 2014 under Section…

The National Cyber Coordination Centre is India's operational cyber-threat…

The National Cyber Security Policy 2013 is India's first comprehensive…

A National Cyber Security Strategy is a government policy document defining…

The National Data and Analytics Platform is an Indian government initiative led…

The National Data Governance Framework Policy is a draft Indian policy designed…

A National DNA Data Bank is a government-maintained repository that stores DNA…

The National Education Policy 2020 is India's framework, approved by the Union…

The National Environment Tribunal Act 1995 was an Indian statute that created a…

The National Family Health Survey is a large-scale, multi-round household…

The National Green Tribunal Act 2010 is an Indian statute that established a…

India's National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research are a binding regulatory…

The National Informatics Centre is the Indian government's premier technology…

The National Infrastructure Pipeline is India's coordinated investment plan,…

NATGRID is an Indian integrated intelligence master database that links the…

The National Investigation Agency is India's central counter-terrorism law…

The National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 is an Indian statute that…

National Maritime Domain Awareness is the effective understanding of activity…

The National Monetisation Pipeline is a NITI Aayog framework, launched in…

The National Planning Committee was a 29-member body set up by the Indian…

The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women 2001 is a Government of India…

The National Population Register is a register of usual residents of India…

The National Rural Health Mission is an Indian government health programme…

The National Security Act, 1980 is an Indian law authorising preventive…

India's National Security Council is the apex executive body advising the Prime…

The National Security Guard is India's federal counter-terrorism and…

The National Statistical Commission is an Indian government body established in…

The National Supercomputing Mission is an Indian government programme launched…

The National Technical Research Organisation is India's technical intelligence…

The National Wildlife Action Plan is India's policy framework setting…

The Natya Shastra is an ancient Sanskrit treatise attributed to Bharata Muni…

Navarasa is the canonical set of nine emotional states or aesthetic flavours…

NavIC is India's independent regional satellite navigation system, built by…

NavIC is India's independent regional satellite navigation system, operated by…

Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) is the Supreme Court of India…

Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) is the Indian Supreme Court…

The Naxalbari Uprising was a 1967 peasant insurrection in West Bengal that…

NDB local currency lending is the New Development Bank's practice of issuing…

The Necklace of Diamonds is India's strategic doctrine of encircling China by…

The Nehru Report of 1928 was an Indian-authored constitutional blueprint that…

Neighbourhood First is India's foreign-policy doctrine prioritising relations…

Net tax revenue is the gross tax collection of a government after deducting…

NexCAR19 is India's first indigenously developed CAR-T cell therapy, approved…

The NGO Darpan Portal is an online platform maintained by India's NITI Aayog…

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is India's first designated biosphere reserve,…

The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is an endangered mountain ungulate…

The Ninth Schedule is a list of Indian laws inserted by the First Amendment in…

The Ninth Schedule is a list of Indian laws, added by the First Amendment in…

Nirbhay is India's long-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile developed…

The NITI Aayog Health Index is a composite ranking that measures and tracks the…

India's National Multidimensional Poverty Index, developed by NITI Aayog,…

The SDG India Index is a composite metric published by NITI Aayog that ranks…

The NJAC Judgment is the 2015 Supreme Court ruling that struck down the 99th…

The No Money for Terror Ministerial Conference is an intergovernmental forum,…

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO-designated protected area in the West Garo…

A Non-Banking Financial Company is a company registered under the Companies Act…

A non-performing asset is a loan or advance on which the borrower has stopped…

The North Eastern Council is a statutory advisory body established in 1971 to…

Nritta, nritya, and natya are the three constituent elements of classical…

The NSCN-IM is the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of…

The NSG 2008 India-Specific Waiver is the Nuclear Suppliers Group decision of 6…

The NSG Waiver of 2008 was the Nuclear Suppliers Group's decision to exempt…

India's Nuclear Command Authority is the apex body, chaired by the Prime…

The Nuclear Fuel Complex is a Department of Atomic Energy unit in Hyderabad…

The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited is a public sector enterprise…

NPCIL is a public-sector enterprise under India's Department of Atomic Energy…

Off-budget borrowing is government financing raised through public-sector…

The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is the…

Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985) is the Indian Supreme Court…

The Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a small sea turtle, named for its…

Open Market Operation purchase and sale auctions are central-bank transactions…

One Nation One Ration Card is an Indian scheme enabling ration cardholders to…

The One Stop Centre Scheme, branded Sakhi, is an Indian centrally sponsored…

Online radicalisation is the process by which individuals adopt extremist…

Operation All Out is the Indian security forces' coordinated counter-terrorism…

Operation Green Hunt is the media-coined name for the coordinated central-state…

Operation Twist is an open market operation in which the Reserve Bank of India…

An outcome budget is a governance document that measures government spending…

Outcome budgeting is a public-finance method that links budgetary allocations…

Overseas Citizenship of India is a permanent residency and travel status…

The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 are Indian…

P. C. Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician and physicist who founded the…

The P.C. Hota Committee was a 2004 Government of India committee that…

The P.J. Nayak Committee was a 2014 Reserve Bank of India panel that reviewed…

Padma Subrahmanyam is an Indian classical Bharatanatyam dancer and scholar who…

Pallava temple architecture is the South Indian stone temple style developed by…

The Pancha Rathas are five monolithic seventh-century rock-cut temples at…

The panchayatana plan is a Hindu temple layout in which a central principal…

PESA is an Indian law extending Panchayati Raj self-governance to Scheduled…

The Panchsheel Agreement is the 1954 India-China treaty on Tibet whose preamble…

Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President to grant…

Part III of the Constitution of India, spanning Articles 12 to 35, enumerates…

Part IV of the Indian Constitution, comprising Articles 36 to 51, sets out the…

Part IXA is the section of the Indian Constitution, inserted by the 74th…

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups are a sub-category of India's Scheduled…

The Partition of Bengal 1905 was Viceroy Lord Curzon's administrative division…

Pattadakal is a UNESCO World Heritage temple complex in Karnataka, India, built…

A payments bank is a differentiated bank licensed by the Reserve Bank of India…

The PFRDA is India's statutory regulator for pension funds, established to…

A People's Biodiversity Register is a documented record of local biological…

The People's Plan was a 1945 Indian economic blueprint drafted by M. N. Roy…

Performance Appraisal Reforms refer to changes in India's civil service…

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy was a Tamil social reformer who founded the Self-Respect…

Periyar Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Kerala's Western Ghats, declared a…

A Permanent Account Number is a ten-character alphanumeric identifier issued by…

Persistent organic pollutants are toxic, carbon-based chemicals that resist…

Perspective planning is the formulation of a long-term economic vision,…

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board is India's statutory downstream…

The Pinaka is an Indian multi-barrel rocket launcher system developed by the…

The Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 are India's central regulatory…

Plutonium-239 is a fissile isotope of plutonium, produced by neutron capture in…

PM Gati Shakti is India's national master plan for multi-modal infrastructure…

PM Gati Shakti is India's 2021 national master plan that integrates…

PM JANMAN is a 2023 Government of India mission delivering housing, roads,…

PM POSHAN is India's centrally sponsored scheme providing one free cooked…

PM Vishwakarma is a 2023 central sector scheme of the Government of India…

PM-KISAN is an Indian central-sector scheme that transfers ₹6,000 annually to…

Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected coastal ecosystem in Tamil…

Pokhran-I, codenamed Smiling Buddha, was India's first nuclear explosion,…

Pokhran-II, codenamed Operation Shakti, was the series of five nuclear tests…

Pokhran-II was India's series of five nuclear weapon tests conducted at the…

The PSLV is an expendable Indian rocket developed by ISRO to place satellites…

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle is an expendable Indian launch system…

A policy rate corridor is a monetary framework bounding the overnight interbank…

The Poona Pact was a 1932 agreement between B.R. Ambedkar and M.K. Gandhi that…

The Poorna Swaraj Resolution, passed at the Indian National Congress Lahore…

The Popular Front of India ban is the Indian government's September 2022…

Population ageing in India is the rising share of persons aged 60 and above in…

Population density of India is the average number of persons per square…

A population pyramid is a graphical representation of a population's age and…

POSHAN Abhiyaan is India's flagship national nutrition mission, launched in…

A Positive Indigenisation List is an Indian government notification that bars…

Post-Devolution Revenue Deficit Grants are constitutional transfers India's…

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is an Indian government mission launched in 2015 to…

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin is India's flagship rural housing scheme…

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban is a Government of India centrally sponsored…

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is India's flagship crop insurance scheme,…

PMGKAY is an Indian central government scheme providing free or subsidised…

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is a centrally sponsored Indian scheme…

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is India's 2014 national mission for financial…

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is India's national financial inclusion mission…

PMJJBY is a government-backed term life insurance scheme in India offering…

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana is India's flagship skill-development…

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana is India's centrally sponsored conditional…

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana is an Indian government scheme launched in 2015…

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana is an Indian government scheme launched in 2015…

Saubhagya was an Indian central government scheme launched in 2017 to provide…

Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is an Indian government-backed accident…

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is an Indian government scheme launched in 2016…

PRAGATI is India's prime-ministerial multi-modal platform for monitoring…

Pragyan is the six-wheeled lunar rover deployed by India's Chandrayaan-3…

Prahaar is a short-range, road-mobile, solid-fuelled surface-to-surface…

Prakash Singh v. Union of India is a 2006 Supreme Court of India judgment that…

The Prarthana Samaj was a Hindu socio-religious reform movement founded in…

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is India's official day, observed on 9 January, to…

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award is the highest honour conferred by the…

The PCPNDT Act 1994 is an Indian law that prohibits sex selection and regulates…

The Pre-Matric and Post-Matric Scholarships for SC Students are centrally…

The Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process is an India-specific…

The Preamble is the introductory statement of a constitution declaring its…

Pressure groups in India are organized interest associations that seek to…

A Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as…

The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018 is an Indian statute that…

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 is an Indian statute that…

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 is India's principal…

Preventive detention under Article 22 of the Indian Constitution permits the…

The primary deficit is the fiscal deficit of a government minus the interest…

Prime editing is a CRISPR-derived genome-editing technique that writes new…

The Prince of Wales Boycott was a nationwide hartal and demonstration organised…

Principled distance is Rajeev Bhargava's conception of Indian secularism in…

The Prior Informed Consent Procedure is a legally binding mechanism under the…

Prithvi is India's first indigenously developed short-range, surface-to-surface…

The Production Linked Incentive Scheme is an Indian government programme that…

The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006 is an Indian statute that prohibits…

The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation…

Project Cheetah is India's 2022 programme to reintroduce the cheetah by…

Project Dolphin is an Indian government conservation initiative announced in…

Project Elephant is a centrally sponsored Government of India scheme launched…

Project Lion is an Indian government conservation programme launched in 2020 to…

Project Mausam is an Indian transnational cultural and diplomatic initiative…

Project Snow Leopard is an Indian Government conservation programme launched in…

Prompt Corrective Action is a supervisory framework under which the Reserve…

The proportionality test is a judicial standard that assesses whether a state…

Prospective overruling is a judicial doctrine under which a court declares a…

The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 is an Indian statute that punishes the…

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Indian civil law…

The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor is a 500 MWe sodium-cooled fast neutron…

Provisional attachment under PMLA is an Enforcement Directorate order…

The Provisioning Coverage Ratio is the proportion of funds a bank sets aside…

Pseudo-secularism is a polemical term used in Indian political discourse to…

The PSLV-XL is the strap-on-augmented variant of India's Polar Satellite Launch…

The Public Account of India is the constitutional account under Article 266(2)…

Public debt of India comprises the central government's total liabilities…

The Public Financial Management System is an online platform run by India's…

A Public Information Officer is the designated official in an Indian public…

Purity and pollution is the ritual principle ranking Hindu castes by inherited…

The push-pull theory explains migration as the combined effect of adverse…

The pygmy hog (Porcula salvania) is the world's smallest wild pig, a critically…

The Quad Leaders' Summit is the head-of-government meeting of Australia, India,…

The Quad Vaccine Initiative was a 2021 commitment by the United States, India,…

Queen Victoria's Proclamation of 1858 announced the transfer of Indian…

QRSAM is an Indian short-range, mobile surface-to-air missile system developed…

The Quit India Movement was a mass civil disobedience campaign launched by the…

A race to the bottom is a process in which competing sub-national governments…

The Radcliffe Boundary Commission of 1947 was the British body that demarcated…

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a Bengali social-religious reformer who founded the…

The Rajamannar Committee was a 1969 Tamil Nadu commission that examined…

The Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan was a 1988 Indian proposal at the UN for phased,…

The Ramakrishna Mission is a Hindu philanthropic and monastic organisation…

Ramsar Wetland City Accreditation is a voluntary international recognition…

Rani Lakshmibai (c. 1828–1858) was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi…

Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts a victim's data or locks systems…

Ras Leela is a classical Manipuri dance-drama depicting the love of Radha and…

The Rashtriya Rifles is a counter-insurgency force of the Indian Army raised in…

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration are a set of empirical generalizations,…

The Real Effective Exchange Rate is a trade-weighted average of a currency's…

Reasonable restrictions are the constitutionally permitted limits the Indian…

Recombinant DNA technology is the set of laboratory methods that join DNA from…