Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

Interpretation of treaty terms based on their independent meaning within international law, rather than relying on domestic law definitions. It ensures uniform application across states.

A legal doctrine allowing treaties to become inapplicable due to a fundamental change of circumstances. It permits modification or termination of treaties under significant changes.

An international agreement prohibiting all nuclear explosions for testing purposes.

Consent to be bound by a treaty inferred from a state's conduct rather than explicit signature or ratification. It reflects practical acceptance of treaty obligations.

The capacity of international organizations to possess rights and obligations and to enter into treaties independently of their member states. It enables them to act in international law.

A 1939 non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that secretly divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.

An international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting peaceful nuclear energy use.

A 1494 agreement dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, influencing colonial boundaries.