Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

An agreement between two states to protect each other's nationals from surrender to the International Criminal Court without consent.

Agreements between two countries establishing terms and protections for private investment across borders.

A treaty establishing terms and protections for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in another state. It aims to promote cross-border investment flows.

A formal agreement negotiated and signed between two sovereign states outlining mutual obligations and rights.

A provision in a treaty allowing states to choose whether to accept certain obligations or procedures, such as dispute settlement mechanisms.

An international treaty defining genocide and obligating states to prevent and punish its commission.

Binding treaties adopted by the International Labour Organization establishing international labor standards.

An international treaty that committed its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on agreed targets.

The set of rules and principles that govern the creation, interpretation, application, and termination of treaties.

Treaty involving multiple countries to address global environmental issues with shared commitments.

International framework of treaties, agreements, and organizations aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons.

Additional treaties linked to a main human rights treaty that expand rights or establish complaint mechanisms.

A principle meaning agreements must be kept, obliging states to honor their treaty commitments in good faith.

An obligation in international law requiring parties to act honestly and sincerely in fulfilling treaty commitments.

Treaties are binding upon the parties and must be performed in good faith without unilateral withdrawal or violation.

A unilateral statement by a state when signing, ratifying, or acceding to a treaty that excludes or modifies the legal effect of certain provisions in their application to that state.

A treaty provision that becomes effective in domestic law without the need for additional legislation.

The legal process by which one state replaces another in responsibility for the international relations of a territory. It affects treaties, debts, and rights associated with the territory.

The rules governing the continuity or termination of treaty obligations when a state undergoes fundamental changes like dissolution or unification.

The process of determining the meaning and application of treaty provisions based on text, context, and object and purpose, guided by rules in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

The 1919 peace treaty that ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

A set of principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures governing a specific international issue.

A unilateral statement by a state when signing a treaty, excluding or modifying the legal effect of certain provisions.

Declarations made by states to exclude or modify the legal effect of certain treaty provisions in their application.

The process by which a newly formed state assumes the treaty obligations and rights of a predecessor state.

An international agreement that codifies the rules for creating, interpreting, and terminating treaties between states.