Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

A series of 2020 US-brokered normalization agreements between Israel and Arab…

A situation where a country can produce a good or service more efficiently than…

Benefits a state obtains from cooperation without comparing them to others'…

Complete and unrestricted authority of a state over its territory and…

A formal vote choice that registers neither support nor opposition, counted…

India's 2014 rebrand of the Look East Policy under PM Modi, emphasizing more…

An act by a state involving the use of armed force against the sovereignty,…

An act by a state or Non-State Actor that constitutes participation in armed…

A doctrine preventing courts of one country from questioning the validity of…

A principle preventing courts of one country from questioning the validity of…

An exception allowing domestic courts to review foreign sovereign acts when…

Engaging with a text by questioning, summarizing, and evaluating content to…

A temporary court established to prosecute specific crimes or conflicts, such…

An ad hominem attack targets a person’s character instead of addressing their…

A logical Fallacy that argues a claim is true because many people believe it.

The self-regulating behavior of the marketplace where individuals' pursuit of…

A climate finance fund established under the Kyoto Protocol to support…

A cybersecurity approach that continuously evolves in response to emerging…

The suspension or ending of a meeting or debate until a later time or date.

The learning, compliance, and psychological costs imposed on individuals or…

The flexibility granted to bureaucrats in interpreting and applying laws and…

Administrative law governs the activities and decisions of government agencies…

An official who presides over disputes involving administrative agencies,…

Legislation that governs the process by which federal agencies develop and…

A specialized Quasi-Judicial Body that resolves disputes involving…

Administrative tribunals are specialized quasi-judicial bodies that resolve…

Standards used by international courts or bodies to determine whether a case or…

Criteria used to determine whether a refugee claim is eligible for examination…

A constitutional requirement that certain presidential appointments and…

Non-binding legal advice issued by an international court or tribunal upon…

Efforts by individuals or groups to influence public policy and decision-making…

A theory explaining policy change by focusing on groups of actors who share…

An organized group that seeks to influence public policy and decision-making to…

A 2018 trade agreement creating a continent-wide African free trade area, with…

The obligation of the affirmative team to establish a case that supports the…

The structured set of arguments presented by the affirmative team to support…

The first speech in a Policy debate where the affirmative team presents their…

A continental organization of 55 African states, succeeding the Organisation of…

Military and civilian missions led by the AU to prevent, manage, and resolve…

The process by which certain issues are prioritized and framed for discussion…

The process of prioritizing topics and issues to guide discussions and…

The ability of an actor to influence the priorities and topics addressed in…

Techniques used to prioritize issues and influence the focus of discussions or…

The process by which media or actors influence the importance placed on topics…

A method of interpreting treaties by considering the combined effect of…

The use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, Territorial…

A political theory that emphasizes the positive role of ongoing conflict and…

A short written summary of a diplomatic conversation or position, left with the…

A militant Islamist organization responsible for numerous terrorist attacks,…

Algorithmic bias occurs when automated systems produce unfair results due to…

The extent to which the processes and criteria used by algorithms are open and…

Karl Marx's concept describing workers' estrangement from their labor,…

The degree to which members of a military or political alliance maintain unity…

A situation where a state is dragged into an unwanted conflict due to…

The process by which states enter into formal agreements to cooperate for…

The process by which states coordinate policies, share resources, and maintain…

A confederation of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger formed in September 2023 after…

An argument that presents a different Disadvantage to the same plan or…

A formal proposal to change, add, or delete parts of a Draft Resolution or…

The formal procedure by which changes or additions are made to a constitution.

A Latin term meaning 'friend of the court'; a person or group offering…

A document submitted by a non-party to a court case offering information or…

The process by which certain information, ideas, or Misinformation gain…

A rhetorical device that compares two different things to clarify or persuade…

A critical approach that involves questioning assumptions and evaluating…

A concept in international relations describing a system where sovereign states…

A condition in the international system where no central authority exists above…

The ANC Youth League was a political organization that mobilized young South…

The visible, clickable text in a hyperlink that provides context about the…

A Cognitive Bias where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of…

People rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when…

The tactic of establishing an initial offer or position that influences the…

The Ancien Régime refers to the political and social system of France before…

The forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state without the…

The political annexation of one state by another, historically referring to…

Measures taken to protect domestic industries from foreign companies selling…

An Anti-Dumping duty is a tariff imposed on imports priced below fair market…

Trade defense tools used to protect domestic industries from foreign companies…

A procedural entitlement allowing a party to appeal a decision to a higher…

A Foreign Policy strategy of conceding to aggressive demands to avoid conflict,…

A diplomatic strategy where concessions are made to an aggressive state to…

A constitutional provision that authorizes government spending only if approved…

Legislative acts that allocate specific funding for government programs and…

An Appropriations bill authorizes government spending for specific programs or…

A Legislative Committee responsible for determining the specific allocation of…

A provision added to an Appropriations Bill that may be unrelated to the main…

An Appropriations subcommittee is a smaller legislative group focused on…

Voters can select as many candidates as they approve of, and the candidate with…

A regional organization of 22 Arab states founded in 1945, coordinating…

A series of pro-democracy uprisings and protests across the Arab world…

1967 conflict where Israel fought Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, resulting in…

Hannah Arendt's concept that ordinary people can commit evil acts simply by…

Describes the concept of ordinary individuals committing evil acts through…

Hannah Arendt's examination of Adolf Eichmann's trial highlighted the concept…

Natality in Arendt's philosophy highlights birth as the origin of new…

Hannah Arendt’s concept that genuine political freedom arises from collective…

Hannah Arendt’s analysis of totalitarian regimes characterized by ideological…

Hannah Arendt's concept distinguishing active life involving labor, work, and…

A situation of sustained combat between two or more organized armed groups,…

A conflict occurring within a state between governmental forces and Non-State…

An organized group not affiliated with any government that engages in Armed…

The collective defense clause of the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty under which an…

The UN Charter provision recognizing the inherent right of individual or…

Competitive development and deployment of AI technologies for military…

A psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to group opinions or…

A 10-member Southeast Asian regional organization operating by consensus, with…

A multilateral platform for security dialogue and confidence-building among…

A China-initiated multilateral development bank founded in 2016 with 109…

Astroturfing is creating fake grassroots movements to disguise orchestrated…

Protection granted by a state to individuals fleeing persecution from their…

The use of granting Asylum as a diplomatic tool to influence relationships…

An individual who flees their home country seeking international protection but…

The practice where Asylum seekers apply for refugee status in multiple…

A condition where one party in a negotiation or transaction has more or better…

Conflict where opposing forces differ significantly in military capabilities or…

The tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to their character while…

The tendency to attribute others' actions to their character while attributing…

Explains how individuals infer the causes of behaviors and events, affecting…

Identifying and understanding the characteristics, needs, and expectations of…

The domestic political costs a leader pays for backing down from public threats…

The division of media audiences into smaller groups based on different…

Audience Rapport Building involves establishing trust and connection with…

Dividing an audience into distinct groups based on characteristics to tailor…

Audience-centered writing tailors content, tone, and structure to meet the…

A 2021 trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom,…

An obligation requiring states to either extradite a suspected offender to…

An economic policy or condition where a country aims for self-sufficiency,…

The gradual erosion of democratic institutions and norms, leading to increased…

An authoritarian regime concentrates power in a single leader or party with…

A governing system characterized by concentrated power, limited political…

Accepting a Claim as true solely because an authority figure endorses it,…

The use of algorithms and artificial intelligence to identify and manage…

Interpretation of treaty terms based on their independent meaning within…

Weapons that can select and engage targets without human Intervention, raising…

Military technologies capable of selecting and engaging targets without human…

A self-reinforcing process where a collective belief gains more plausibility…

A Cognitive Bias where people judge the likelihood of events based on how…