The Reference Library
Diplomacy & Politics Glossary
Every term you need — from Model UN procedure to international law, economics, and political theory. Clear definitions, real examples, and cross-linked concepts.
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- 10,189 terms
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Showing 487 entries — matching your filters
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16 entries- 101st Constitutional Amendment Act (GST), 2016
- 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (EWS Reservation)
- 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (EWS Reservation), 2019
- 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam), 2023
- 123 Agreement (India-US Civil Nuclear)
- 2nd ARC First Report: Right to Information
- 2nd ARC Fourth Report: Ethics in Governance
- 2nd ARC Thirteenth Report: Organisational Structure of Government of India
- 2nd ARC Twelfth Report: Citizen Centric Administration
- 360-Degree Appraisal for Empanelment
- 42nd Amendment and Secular in Preamble
- 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
- 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
- 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
- 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
- 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
A
107 entries- A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)
- Aadhaar Act, 2016
- Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AePS)
- Aadhaar Judgment (Puttaswamy II, 2018)
- Abrogation of Article 370 (2019)
- Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
- Agalega Island Project
- All India Services (Article 312)
- All India Services Act, 1951
- Amendability of Fundamental Rights
- AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
- Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL)
- Article 1 — India, that is Bharat, Union of States
- Article 1 — Union of States
- Article 110 — Definition of a Money Bill
- Article 12 — Definition of 'State'
- Article 123 — Ordinance-Making Power of the President
- Article 13 — Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- Article 131 — Original Jurisdiction in Centre-State Disputes
- Article 131 (Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court)
- Article 14 (Equality Before Law)
- Article 14 and the Rule of Law
- Article 142 — Doing Complete Justice
- Article 142 (Power to do Complete Justice)
- Article 143 — Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- Article 148 — Comptroller and Auditor General of India
- Article 15 — Prohibition of Discrimination
- Article 16 — Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment
- Article 161 — Pardoning Power of the Governor
- Article 163 — Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise Governor
- Article 17 — Abolition of Untouchability
- Article 18 (Abolition of Titles)
- Article 19 (Protection of Six Freedoms)
- Article 19(1)(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression
- Article 20 — Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
- Article 200 — Assent to Bills by the Governor
- Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty)
- Article 21A (Right to Education)
- Article 22 — Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention
- Article 226 (Writ Jurisdiction of High Courts)
- Article 226 versus Article 32 — Scope of Writ Jurisdiction
- Article 23 — Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour
- Article 239AA — Special Provisions for Delhi
- Article 24 — Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories
- Article 243 — Constitutional Status of Panchayati Raj
- Article 243G — Powers and Responsibilities of Panchayats
- Article 244 — Administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas
- Article 246 Distribution of Legislative Powers
- Article 249 — Parliament's Power to Legislate on State List
- Article 25 — Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession of Religion
- Article 254 Repugnancy of Laws
- Article 262 — Disputes Relating to Inter-State Rivers
- Article 263 Inter-State Council
- Article 269A IGST Apportionment
- Article 28 (Freedom from Religious Instruction in State Institutions)
- Article 280 — Finance Commission
- Article 282 Discretionary Grants
- Article 29 — Protection of Interests of Minorities
- Article 293 State Borrowing Powers
- Article 3 — Formation of New States and Alteration of Boundaries
- Article 3 Reorganisation of States
- Article 30 — Right of Minorities to Establish Educational Institutions
- Article 300A — No Person Deprived of Property Save by Law
- Article 300A (Right to Property)
- Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse
- Article 310 (Doctrine of Pleasure)
- Article 311 (Safeguards for Civil Servants)
- Article 312 (Creation of All India Services)
- Article 315 — Public Service Commissions for Union and States
- Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
- Article 32 as 'Heart and Soul' of the Constitution
- Article 324 — Superintendence of Elections by Election Commission
- Article 33 (Restriction of Fundamental Rights for Armed Forces)
- Article 330 — Reservation of Seats for SC/ST in Lok Sabha
- Article 338 — National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- Article 34 (Restriction of Rights under Martial Law)
- Article 341 (Scheduled Castes)
- Article 35 (Power to Legislate to Give Effect to Fundamental Rights)
- Article 352 — Proclamation of National Emergency
- Article 356 — Provisions for State Emergency Beyond Presidents Rule
- Article 356 (President's Rule)
- Article 356 and the Floor Test Doctrine
- Article 360 — Financial Emergency
- Article 368 — Procedure for Amendment of the Constitution
- Article 368 (Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution)
- Article 37 (Non-Justiciability of Directive Principles)
- Article 39 Equal Pay for Equal Work
- Article 39(b) and 39(c) — Distribution of Material Resources
- Article 39A (Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid)
- Article 40 — Organisation of Village Panchayats
- Article 43B (Promotion of Co-operative Societies)
- Article 44 — Uniform Civil Code
- Article 46 (Promotion of Educational and Economic Interests of Weaker Sections)
- Article 48A (Protection and Improvement of Environment)
- Article 50 — Separation of Judiciary from Executive
- Article 51A — Fundamental Duties
- Article 72 — Pardoning Power of the President
- Articles 200 and 201 Governor's Assent to Bills
- Articles 256 and 257 Centre-State Administrative Relations
- ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise (AIME)
- Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC)
- Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0
- Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
- Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
- Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
- Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)
- Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres
B
6 entriesC
23 entries- CAATSA and India
- Capacity Building Commission
- Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)
- Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964
- Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
- Central Information Commission (CIC)
- Central Staffing Scheme
- Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003
- Centrally Sponsored Schemes
- Chabahar Port
- Chabahar-Zahedan Railway
- Child Budgeting
- Citizen's Charter
- Civil Service Neutrality (Political Neutrality)
- Civil Services Board (Fixed Tenure)
- Colombo Security Conclave
- COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement)
- Committed Bureaucracy
- Common Service Centres (CSC)
- Competition Commission of India (CCI)
- Competitive Federalism
- Connect Central Asia Policy
- Creamy Layer Doctrine
D
17 entries- Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001)
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
- Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - NRLM
- Deendayal Port (Kandla)
- DigiLocker
- Digital India Programme
- Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
- Discretionary Grants (Article 282)
- Divisible Pool of Taxes
- Doctrine of Colourable Legislation
- Doctrine of Eclipse
- Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
- Doctrine of Pith and Substance
- Doctrine of Prospective Overruling
- Doctrine of Severability
- Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
- Duqm Port
E
5 entriesF
18 entries- Fifteenth Finance Commission
- Fifth Schedule — Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
- Fifth Schedule (Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas)
- Fifty Percent Ceiling on Reservation
- Finance Commission (Article 280)
- Finance Commission of India
- First Administrative Reforms Commission (Morarji Desai)
- First Administrative Reforms Commission on Centre-State Relations
- First Amendment Act, 1951
- First Appellate Authority under RTI
- Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT)
- Floor Test Doctrine
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
- Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010
- Fortaleza Declaration (2014)
- Forum for India-Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC)
- Fundamental Duties (Part IVA)
G
19 entries- G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group
- G20 Finance Track
- G20 India Presidency 2023
- G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration (2023)
- G20 Sherpa Track
- G4 Nations (UNSC Reform)
- G7 Hiroshima Summit India Outreach (2023)
- Galwan Valley Clash 2020
- Gender Budgeting
- Global Biofuels Alliance
- Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Government e-Marketplace (GeM)
- Governor (Article 153)
- Grants-in-Aid (Article 275)
- GST Compensation Cess
- GST Council (Article 279A)
- Gujral Doctrine
H
5 entriesI
58 entries- I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
- I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
- I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
- I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
- I2U2 Grouping (India-Israel-UAE-US)
- IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954 — Central Deputation
- IBSA Dialogue Forum (India-Brazil-South Africa)
- IBSA Fund for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation
- iCET (Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies)
- iGOT Karmayogi Platform
- In re Berubari Union (1960)
- India and the Dag Hammarskjold Medal
- India and UN Peacekeeping
- India and UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- India as Vishwa Guru (Soft Power Narrative)
- India Stack
- India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA)
- India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (100th Amendment)
- India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (2015)
- India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty 2007
- India-China Special Representatives Mechanism on Boundary Question
- India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA)
- India-EU Connectivity Partnership
- India-EU Trade and Technology Council
- India-EU Trade and Technology Council
- India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement (2009)
- India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
- India-Japan Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement
- India-Japan Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
- India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership
- India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership
- India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
- India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
- India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway
- India-Russia Annual Summit
- India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership
- India-Russia Strategic Partnership
- India-Sri Lanka Economic Partnership Vision
- India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
- India-US Civil Nuclear Deal (123 Agreement)
- India-US Civil-Military Nuclear Separation Plan (2006)
- India's Contributions to UN Peacekeeping
- India's Female Formed Police Unit in Liberia
- India's No First Use Nuclear Doctrine
- India's Non-Permanent UNSC Membership (2021-22)
- India's NSG Membership Bid
- Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
- Indian Forest Service (IFoS)
- Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)
- Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA)
- Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
- Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
- Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR)
- Informational Self-Determination
- Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
- Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on UNSC Reform
- IORA Jakarta Concord
J
5 entriesK
14 entries- K. S. Puttaswamy Case (Right to Privacy)
- K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
- K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
- K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
- Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
- Kalapani Territory Dispute
- Kartarpur Corridor
- Katchatheevu Island
- Kazan Declaration (2024 BRICS Summit)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
- Keshavan Madhava Menon v. State of Bombay (1951)
- Know India Programme (KIP)
- Kudumbashree
L
6 entriesM
23 entries- M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006)
- MADAD Consular Grievance Portal
- MAHASAGAR Vision
- Maitri Setu Bridge
- Major Defence Partner Status (India-US)
- Malabar Naval Exercise
- Mamallapuram Summit (India-China Informal Summit)
- Mamallapuram Summit 2019 (Second Informal India-China Summit)
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
- Matarbari Deep Sea Port
- MCA21
- McMahon Line
- Mekong-Ganga Cooperation
- MGNREGA Social Audit
- Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980)
- Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
- Mission Karmayogi
- Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985)
- Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985)
- Money Bill (Article 110)
- Motihari-Amlekhgunj Petroleum Pipeline
- Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986
N
22 entries- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
- National Commission for Backward Classes (Article 338B)
- National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (Article 338A)
- National Commission for Women
- National Data Governance Framework Policy
- National Education Policy 2020
- National Informatics Centre (NIC)
- National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
- National Statistical Commission
- Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
- Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
- NDB Local Currency Lending
- Necklace of Diamonds Strategy
- Neighbourhood First Policy
- NGO Darpan Portal
- Ninth Schedule and Judicial Review
- Ninth Schedule of the Constitution
- NITI Aayog SDG India Index
- NJAC Judgment (Fourth Judges Case, 2015)
- North Eastern Council
- NSG 2008 India-Specific Waiver
- NSG Waiver of 2008
O
4 entriesP
43 entries- P.C. Hota Committee on Civil Services Reforms (2004)
- Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA)
- Panchsheel Agreement 1954
- Pardoning Power of the President (Article 72)
- Part III — Fundamental Rights
- Part IV — Directive Principles of State Policy
- Part IXA — The Municipalities
- Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
- Performance Appraisal Reforms (Annual Performance Appraisal Report)
- Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)
- PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan
- PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan
- PM POSHAN (Mid-Day Meal) Scheme
- PM Vishwakarma Scheme
- PM-KISAN Samman Nidhi
- POSHAN Abhiyaan
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban
- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Accounts
- Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
- Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya)
- Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
- Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
- PRAGATI Platform
- Prakash Singh v. Union of India (Police Reforms)
- Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
- Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award
- Preamble in Constitutional Interpretation
- Pressure Groups in India
- Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018
- Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme
- Project Mausam
- Proportionality Test
- Prospective Overruling
- Public Financial Management System (PFMS)
- Public Information Officer (PIO)
Q
2 entriesR
11 entries- Race to the Bottom in Federalism
- Rajamannar Committee
- Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan for Nuclear Disarmament (1988)
- Reasonable Restrictions under Article 19(2)-(6)
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- Residuary Powers (Article 248)
- Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
- Rights Test and Essence of Rights Test
- Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras (1950)
- RTI Section 4 Suo Motu Disclosure
S
46 entries- S-400 Triumf Deal (India-Russia)
- S.R. Bommai case (1994)
- S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)
- S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)
- SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
- SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region)
- Sagarmala Programme
- Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan (1965)
- Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan (1965)
- Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0
- Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption
- Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
- SCO Astana Declaration (2024)
- SCO Peace Mission Exercise
- SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS)
- Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC)
- Second Administrative Reforms Commission (Veerappa Moily)
- Section 125 CrPC Maintenance Provision
- Section 8 RTI Exemptions
- Secularism as Basic Structure
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Seventh Schedule — Union, State and Concurrent Lists
- Seventh Schedule (Union, State, Concurrent Lists)
- Sevottam Model
- Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013 (POSH Act)
- Shahid Beheshti Terminal
- Shanghai Five Grouping
- Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951)
- Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951)
- SHG-Bank Linkage Programme
- Sittwe Port
- Sixteenth Finance Commission
- Sixth Schedule — Administration of Tribal Areas
- Skill India Mission
- Smart Cities Mission
- South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9)
- Spice Route Project
- Stand-Up India Scheme
- State Information Commission
- State of West Bengal v. Union of India (1963)
- Steel Frame of India (Sardar Patel)
- String of Pearls
- Surinder Nath Committee on Performance Appraisal
- Swachh Bharat Mission
- Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban 2.0
- Swaran Singh Committee
T
11 entries- T.S.R. Subramanian v. Union of India (2013)
- Team India Hub (NITI Aayog)
- Teesta Water Sharing Dispute
- Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
- Tenth Schedule — Anti-Defection Law
- Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law)
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
- Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)
- Tribes Advisory Council
- Twelfth Schedule — Functions of Municipalities
- Twenty-Fourth Amendment Act, 1971
U
15 entries- UMANG App
- UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
- UN Peacekeeping Financing and India
- UN Security Council Reform
- UN Security Council Reform
- UNCLOS and India
- Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
- Uniform Civil Code Debate
- Union of India v. Mohit Minerals (2022)
- Unique Disability ID (UDID)
- Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
- Uniting for Consensus (Coffee Club)
- Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993)
- US-India Defence Framework Agreement
- Use of International Conventions in Domestic Law
