The Reference Library
Diplomacy & Politics Glossary
Every term you need — from Model UN procedure to international law, economics, and political theory. Clear definitions, real examples, and cross-linked concepts.
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16 entries101st Constitutional Amendment Act (GST), 2016
The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 introduced the Goods and Services…
103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (EWS Reservation)
The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 2019 inserted Articles 15(6) and…
103rd Constitutional Amendment Act (EWS Reservation), 2019
The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 inserted Articles 15(6) and 16(6)…
106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam), 2023
The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, reserves one-third of seats in…
123 Agreement (India-US Civil Nuclear)
The 123 Agreement is the bilateral framework signed in 2008 that permits…
2nd ARC First Report: Right to Information
The 2nd ARC First Report, titled "Right to Information: Master Key to Good…
2nd ARC Fourth Report: Ethics in Governance
The Second Administrative Reforms Commission's Fourth Report, titled Ethics in…
2nd ARC Thirteenth Report: Organisational Structure of Government of India
The Thirteenth Report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled…
2nd ARC Twelfth Report: Citizen Centric Administration
The Twelfth Report of India's Second Administrative Reforms Commission, titled…
360-Degree Appraisal for Empanelment
The 360-degree appraisal is a multi-source feedback mechanism used in India to…
42nd Amendment and Secular in Preamble
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 inserted the word "Secular" into the Preamble of…
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was a wide-ranging amendment to the…
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 was India's most extensive…
44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 reversed key authoritarian…
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Part IX and the Eleventh…
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to urban…
A
107 entriesA.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)
A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950) was the Supreme Court of India's first…
Aadhaar Act, 2016
The Aadhaar Act, 2016 is an Indian law that establishes the legal framework for…
Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AePS)
The Aadhaar Enabled Payment System is an Indian bank-led payment model that…
Aadhaar Judgment (Puttaswamy II, 2018)
The Aadhaar Judgment is the 2018 Indian Supreme Court ruling that upheld the…
Abrogation of Article 370 (2019)
The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 was the Indian government's…
Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
The Accessible India Campaign is a Government of India scheme launched in 2015…
Agalega Island Project
The Agalega Island Project is India's development of an airstrip and jetty on…
All India Services (Article 312)
The All India Services are centrally recruited cadres—the IAS, IPS, and…
All India Services Act, 1951
The All India Services Act, 1951 is the Indian parliamentary statute that…
Amendability of Fundamental Rights
Amendability of fundamental rights is the constitutional question of whether…
AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
AMRUT is an Indian centrally sponsored urban infrastructure mission launched in…
Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL)
The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity is a statutory body in India that hears…
Article 1 — India, that is Bharat, Union of States
Article 1 of the Indian Constitution names the country "India, that is Bharat"…
Article 1 — Union of States
Article 1 of the Constitution of India declares India, that is Bharat, to be a…
Article 110 — Definition of a Money Bill
Article 110 of the Indian Constitution defines a Money Bill as a Bill…
Article 12 — Definition of 'State'
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines 'State' for the purpose of Part…
Article 123 — Ordinance-Making Power of the President
Article 123 of the Constitution of India empowers the President to promulgate…
Article 13 — Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
Article 13 of the Constitution of India voids laws inconsistent with or in…
Article 131 — Original Jurisdiction in Centre-State Disputes
Article 131 of the Constitution of India confers exclusive original…
Article 131 (Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court)
Article 131 of the Constitution of India grants the Supreme Court exclusive…
Article 14 (Equality Before Law)
Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees every person equality before…
Article 14 and the Rule of Law
Article 14 of the Constitution of India guarantees equality before the law and…
Article 142 — Doing Complete Justice
Article 142 of the Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to pass any…
Article 142 (Power to do Complete Justice)
Article 142 of the Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to pass any…
Article 143 — Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 143 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to refer…
Article 148 — Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Article 148 of the Constitution of India establishes the office of the…
Article 15 — Prohibition of Discrimination
Article 15 of the Constitution of India prohibits the State from discriminating…
Article 16 — Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment
Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity for…
Article 161 — Pardoning Power of the Governor
Article 161 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Governor of a State to…
Article 163 — Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise Governor
Article 163 of the Indian Constitution establishes a Council of Ministers…
Article 17 — Abolition of Untouchability
Article 17 of the Constitution of India abolishes untouchability and forbids…
Article 18 (Abolition of Titles)
Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolishes titles, barring the State from…
Article 19 (Protection of Six Freedoms)
Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees citizens six freedoms—speech,…
Article 19(1)(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression
Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India guarantees all citizens the…
Article 20 — Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
Article 20 of the Indian Constitution guarantees protection against ex post…
Article 200 — Assent to Bills by the Governor
Article 200 of the Indian Constitution empowers a State Governor to assent to,…
Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty)
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees that no person shall be…
Article 21A (Right to Education)
Article 21A of the Indian Constitution makes free and compulsory education a…
Article 22 — Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention
Article 22 of the Constitution of India guarantees procedural safeguards…
Article 226 (Writ Jurisdiction of High Courts)
Article 226 of the Constitution of India empowers every High Court to issue…
Article 226 versus Article 32 — Scope of Writ Jurisdiction
Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs for fundamental and other legal…
Article 23 — Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour
Article 23 of the Constitution of India prohibits traffic in human beings,…
Article 239AA — Special Provisions for Delhi
Article 239AA is the constitutional provision granting the National Capital…
Article 24 — Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories
Article 24 of the Constitution of India prohibits the employment of any child…
Article 243 — Constitutional Status of Panchayati Raj
Article 243 and Part IX of the Indian Constitution grant constitutional status…
Article 243G — Powers and Responsibilities of Panchayats
Article 243G of the Indian Constitution empowers state legislatures to devolve…
Article 244 — Administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Article 244 of the Indian Constitution provides for the administration of…
Article 246 Distribution of Legislative Powers
Article 246 of the Indian Constitution distributes legislative powers between…
Article 249 — Parliament's Power to Legislate on State List
Article 249 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to legislate on a…
Article 25 — Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession of Religion
Article 25 of the Constitution of India guarantees every person freedom of…
Article 254 Repugnancy of Laws
Article 254 of the Indian Constitution provides that when a state law on a…
Article 262 — Disputes Relating to Inter-State Rivers
Article 262 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament to legislate on…
Article 263 Inter-State Council
The Inter-State Council is a constitutional body that the President of India…
Article 269A IGST Apportionment
Article 269A of the Indian Constitution governs the levy and apportionment of…
Article 28 (Freedom from Religious Instruction in State Institutions)
Article 28 of the Indian Constitution prohibits religious instruction in wholly…
Article 280 — Finance Commission
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution requires the President to constitute a…
Article 282 Discretionary Grants
Article 282 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Union and any State to make…
Article 29 — Protection of Interests of Minorities
Article 29 of the Indian Constitution protects the right of any section of…
Article 293 State Borrowing Powers
Article 293 of the Indian Constitution governs the borrowing powers of state…
Article 3 — Formation of New States and Alteration of Boundaries
Article 3 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to form new states and…
Article 3 Reorganisation of States
Article 3 of the Constitution of India empowers Parliament by law to form new…
Article 30 — Right of Minorities to Establish Educational Institutions
Article 30 of the Constitution of India grants religious and linguistic…
Article 300A — No Person Deprived of Property Save by Law
Article 300A of the Constitution of India provides that no person shall be…
Article 300A (Right to Property)
Article 300A of the Indian Constitution provides that no person shall be…
Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse
Article 301 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of trade, commerce…
Article 310 (Doctrine of Pleasure)
Article 310 of India's Constitution holds that civil and defence servants of…
Article 311 (Safeguards for Civil Servants)
Article 311 of the Indian Constitution guarantees civil servants procedural…
Article 312 (Creation of All India Services)
Article 312 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to create new All…
Article 315 — Public Service Commissions for Union and States
Article 315 of the Constitution of India mandates a Public Service Commission…
Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to approach the…
Article 32 as 'Heart and Soul' of the Constitution
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme…
Article 324 — Superintendence of Elections by Election Commission
Article 324 of the Indian Constitution vests the superintendence, direction,…
Article 33 (Restriction of Fundamental Rights for Armed Forces)
Article 33 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to restrict or…
Article 330 — Reservation of Seats for SC/ST in Lok Sabha
Article 330 of the Constitution of India reserves seats in the Lok Sabha for…
Article 338 — National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Article 338 of the Constitution of India establishes the National Commission…
Article 34 (Restriction of Rights under Martial Law)
Article 34 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to indemnify acts…
Article 341 (Scheduled Castes)
Article 341 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to specify, by…
Article 35 (Power to Legislate to Give Effect to Fundamental Rights)
Article 35 of the Indian Constitution vests exclusively in Parliament the power…
Article 352 — Proclamation of National Emergency
Article 352 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a…
Article 356 — Provisions for State Emergency Beyond Presidents Rule
Article 356 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to assume a state…
Article 356 (President's Rule)
Article 356 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to assume control…
Article 356 and the Floor Test Doctrine
Article 356 of the Indian Constitution permits the imposition of President's…
Article 360 — Financial Emergency
Article 360 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a…
Article 368 — Procedure for Amendment of the Constitution
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to amend the…
Article 368 (Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution)
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution vests Parliament with the power to amend…
Article 37 (Non-Justiciability of Directive Principles)
Article 37 of the Indian Constitution declares the Directive Principles of…
Article 39 Equal Pay for Equal Work
Article 39(d) of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure equal pay…
Article 39(b) and 39(c) — Distribution of Material Resources
Articles 39(b) and 39(c) are Directive Principles in the Indian Constitution…
Article 39A (Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid)
Article 39A of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure equal…
Article 40 — Organisation of Village Panchayats
Article 40 is a Directive Principle in the Indian Constitution directing the…
Article 43B (Promotion of Co-operative Societies)
Article 43B is a Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution…
Article 44 — Uniform Civil Code
Article 44 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to endeavour to secure…
Article 46 (Promotion of Educational and Economic Interests of Weaker Sections)
Article 46 directs the Indian State to promote the educational and economic…
Article 48A (Protection and Improvement of Environment)
Article 48A is a Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution…
Article 50 — Separation of Judiciary from Executive
Article 50 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to separate the…
Article 51A — Fundamental Duties
Article 51A of the Indian Constitution enumerates the Fundamental Duties, a…
Article 72 — Pardoning Power of the President
Article 72 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to grant pardons,…
Articles 200 and 201 Governor's Assent to Bills
Articles 200 and 201 of the Indian Constitution govern how a Governor disposes…
Articles 256 and 257 Centre-State Administrative Relations
Articles 256 and 257 of the Indian Constitution oblige states to comply with…
ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise (AIME)
The ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise is an inaugural multilateral naval drill…
Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC)
The Asia-Africa Growth Corridor is an India-Japan economic cooperation…
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0
AMRUT 2.0 is an Indian central scheme launched in 2021 to make cities…
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
Atal Pension Yojana is an Indian government-backed pension scheme that…
Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan is India's 2020 self-reliant economic policy…
Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana is India's government-funded health…
Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)
Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) is India's flagship publicly funded health-assurance…
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres are upgraded primary-care…
B
6 entriesBBIN Initiative (Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal)
The BBIN Initiative is a sub-regional framework among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India…
BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement)
BECA is a 2020 India–US military agreement enabling exchange of geospatial…
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao is a 2015 Government of India scheme addressing the…
BRICS Common Currency Debate
The BRICS common currency debate concerns proposals for a shared or alternative…
BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement
The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement is a US$100 billion currency-swap…
BRICS Plus Format
BRICS Plus is a diplomatic outreach format under which the BRICS grouping…
C
23 entriesCAATSA and India
CAATSA is a 2017 U.S. law mandating sanctions on entities transacting with…
Capacity Building Commission
The Capacity Building Commission is an Indian executive body established in…
Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)
The Central Administrative Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that…
Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964
The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964 prescribe ethical and…
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission is India's statutory central…
Central Information Commission (CIC)
The Central Information Commission is a statutory body established under the…
Central Staffing Scheme
The Central Staffing Scheme is the institutional mechanism through which All…
Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003
The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 confers statutory status on India's…
Centrally Sponsored Schemes
Centrally Sponsored Schemes are development programmes formulated by India's…
Chabahar Port
Chabahar Port is a deep-water port on Iran's Gulf of Oman coast developed with…
Chabahar-Zahedan Railway
The Chabahar-Zahedan Railway is a 628-kilometre Iranian rail line connecting…
Child Budgeting
Child budgeting is a public-finance method that disaggregates government…
Citizen's Charter
A Citizen's Charter is a published document in which a public agency commits to…
Civil Service Neutrality (Political Neutrality)
Civil service neutrality is the principle that permanent government officials…
Civil Services Board (Fixed Tenure)
A Civil Services Board is a statutory or executive body that recommends…
Colombo Security Conclave
The Colombo Security Conclave is a minilateral maritime-security grouping of…
COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement)
COMCASA is a 2018 India-US foundational defence agreement enabling secure,…
Committed Bureaucracy
Committed bureaucracy is the doctrine that civil servants should be…
Common Service Centres (CSC)
Common Service Centres are India's network of physical access points delivering…
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
The Competition Commission of India is the statutory body established under the…
Competitive Federalism
Competitive federalism is a governance model in which states compete with one…
Connect Central Asia Policy
Connect Central Asia is India's 2012 diplomatic and economic engagement…
Creamy Layer Doctrine
The creamy layer doctrine excludes the socially and economically advanced…
D
17 entriesDanial Latifi v. Union of India (2001)
Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001) is a Supreme Court of India ruling…
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
DDU-GKY is India's central rural placement-linked skilling scheme launched in…
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - NRLM
The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission is India's…
Deendayal Port (Kandla)
Deendayal Port, formerly Kandla Port, is a Major Port on India's Gujarat coast…
DigiLocker
DigiLocker is an Indian government cloud platform that issues, stores, and…
Digital India Programme
The Digital India Programme is an Indian government initiative launched in 2015…
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 is India's first comprehensive…
Discretionary Grants (Article 282)
Discretionary grants under Article 282 of the Indian Constitution empower the…
Divisible Pool of Taxes
The divisible pool is the portion of central tax revenue that the Union of…
Doctrine of Colourable Legislation
The doctrine of colourable legislation holds that a legislature cannot do…
Doctrine of Eclipse
The Doctrine of Eclipse holds that a pre-Constitution law inconsistent with…
Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction is a rule of statutory and…
Doctrine of Pith and Substance
The doctrine of pith and substance upholds a law whose true subject falls…
Doctrine of Prospective Overruling
Prospective overruling is a judicial technique whereby a court declares a new…
Doctrine of Severability
The doctrine of severability holds that when a statute is partly…
Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
The doctrine of territorial nexus permits a legislature to enact laws operating…
Duqm Port
Duqm Port is a deep-water commercial and strategic harbour on Oman's Arabian…
E
5 entriese-Courts Mission Mode Project
The e-Courts Mission Mode Project is an Indian government initiative to…
e-Office
e-Office is a digital workplace product developed by India's National…
Ease of Doing Business Ranking
The Ease of Doing Business ranking was a World Bank index that scored economies…
Eleventh Schedule — Functions of Panchayats
The Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution of India lists 29 functional subjects…
Essential Religious Practices Test
The Essential Religious Practices Test is a judicial doctrine by which Indian…
F
18 entriesFifteenth Finance Commission
The Fifteenth Finance Commission was the constitutional body, constituted in…
Fifth Schedule — Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution governs the administration and…
Fifth Schedule (Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas)
The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the administration…
Fifty Percent Ceiling on Reservation
The fifty percent ceiling is a judicially imposed limit holding that total…
Finance Commission (Article 280)
The Finance Commission is a constitutional body under Article 280 that…
Finance Commission of India
The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body constituted every five…
First Administrative Reforms Commission (Morarji Desai)
The First Administrative Reforms Commission was a 1966 advisory body that…
First Administrative Reforms Commission on Centre-State Relations
The First Administrative Reforms Commission was a 1966 Indian body whose study…
First Amendment Act, 1951
The First Amendment Act, 1951 was the first amendment to the Constitution of…
First Appellate Authority under RTI
The First Appellate Authority is a senior officer designated under the Right to…
Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT)
The Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty is a proposed multilateral agreement that…
Floor Test Doctrine
A floor test is a constitutional procedure in which a chief minister or…
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
The FSSAI is India's statutory food regulator established under the Food Safety…
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
The FSSAI is India's apex statutory regulator for food safety, established…
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010
The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 is an Indian statute that…
Fortaleza Declaration (2014)
The Fortaleza Declaration is the 72-point communiqué adopted by Brazil, Russia,…
Forum for India-Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC)
FIPIC is an Indian diplomatic initiative launched in 2014 to deepen cooperation…
Fundamental Duties (Part IVA)
Fundamental Duties are the eleven moral obligations of Indian citizens…
G
19 entriesG20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group
The G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group is a sherpa-track body,…
G20 Finance Track
The G20 Finance Track is the workstream of finance ministers and central bank…
G20 India Presidency 2023
India held the rotating presidency of the G20 from December 1, 2022, to…
G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration (2023)
The G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration is the consensus outcome document…
G20 Sherpa Track
The G20 Sherpa Track is the non-financial negotiating stream of the G20, run by…
G4 Nations (UNSC Reform)
The G4 Nations are Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan, four states that mutually…
G7 Hiroshima Summit India Outreach (2023)
The G7 Hiroshima Summit India Outreach refers to India's participation as an…
Galwan Valley Clash 2020
The Galwan Valley Clash was a violent confrontation on 15 June 2020 between…
Gender Budgeting
Gender budgeting is the application of a gender lens to the entire budget cycle…
Global Biofuels Alliance
The Global Biofuels Alliance is an India-led intergovernmental coalition…
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)
The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence is a multilateral initiative,…
Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
Golaknath v. State of Punjab was a 1967 Indian Supreme Court ruling that held…
Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967) was a Supreme Court of India ruling that…
Government e-Marketplace (GeM)
Government e-Marketplace is India's online procurement portal through which…
Governor (Article 153)
The Governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state under Article 153,…
Grants-in-Aid (Article 275)
Grants-in-Aid under Article 275 of the Indian Constitution are statutory…
GST Compensation Cess
The GST Compensation Cess is a levy imposed on specified luxury and demerit…
GST Council (Article 279A)
The GST Council is a constitutional body under Article 279A of the Indian…
Gujral Doctrine
The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles articulated by Indian statesman…
H
5 entriesHigh Level Committee on Indian Diaspora (2000)
The High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora was a body constituted by the…
Holding-Together Federation
A holding-together federation is a multi-ethnic state where a previously…
Horizontal and Vertical Devolution
Horizontal devolution distributes funds among states, while vertical devolution…
Horizontal Devolution Formula
The horizontal devolution formula is the criteria-and-weights scheme a Finance…
Hyde Act (2006)
The Hyde Act is a 2006 U.S. law that exempted India from specific provisions of…
I
58 entriesI.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is the Supreme Court of India…
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a unanimous nine-judge Supreme…
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a Supreme Court of India ruling…
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) is a unanimous nine-judge Supreme…
I2U2 Grouping (India-Israel-UAE-US)
I2U2 is a 2021 minilateral grouping of India, Israel, the United Arab Emirates,…
IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954 — Central Deputation
Central deputation is the mechanism under the IAS (Cadre) Rules, 1954 by which…
IBSA Dialogue Forum (India-Brazil-South Africa)
The IBSA Dialogue Forum is a trilateral coordination mechanism uniting India,…
IBSA Fund for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation
The IBSA Fund is a trilateral development cooperation facility financed by…
iCET (Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies)
iCET is a US-India bilateral framework launched in 2023 to deepen cooperation…
iGOT Karmayogi Platform
The iGOT Karmayogi Platform is India's online learning and…
In re Berubari Union (1960)
In re Berubari Union was a 1960 advisory opinion of the Supreme Court of India…
India and the Dag Hammarskjold Medal
The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous United Nations award honouring…
India and UN Peacekeeping
India is the largest cumulative contributor of troops to United Nations…
India and UNESCO World Heritage Sites
India holds UNESCO World Heritage status for cultural, natural, and mixed sites…
India as Vishwa Guru (Soft Power Narrative)
Vishwa Guru is India's soft-power narrative framing the country as a teacher…
India Stack
India Stack is a set of open application programming interfaces and digital…
India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA)
The India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement is a 2009 trade-in-goods pact between…
India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (100th Amendment)
The India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement is a treaty operationalised by…
India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (2015)
The India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement is the 2015 treaty that swapped…
India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty 2007
The India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty 2007 is the revised bilateral treaty…
India-China Special Representatives Mechanism on Boundary Question
The Special Representatives Mechanism is a bilateral framework established by…
India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA)
The India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement is a proposed free…
India-EU Connectivity Partnership
The India-EU Connectivity Partnership is a 2021 bilateral framework linking…
India-EU Trade and Technology Council
The India-EU Trade and Technology Council is a bilateral strategic coordination…
India-EU Trade and Technology Council
The India-EU Trade and Technology Council is a bilateral strategic coordination…
India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement (2009)
The India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement is a 2009 accord placing India's civilian…
India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
The India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is a recurring strategic consultation…
India-Japan Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement
The India-Japan ACSA is a 2020 bilateral defence pact enabling the Indian and…
India-Japan Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
The India-Japan Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement is a 2016 bilateral treaty…
India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership
The India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership is the elevated…
India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership
The India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership is the bilateral…
India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
IMEC is a multimodal rail-and-shipping connectivity project linking India to…
India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor is a multimodal…
India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway
The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway is a 1,360-km road link…
India-Russia Annual Summit
The India-Russia Annual Summit is an institutionalized yearly meeting between…
India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership
The India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership is the formal…
India-Russia Strategic Partnership
The India-Russia Strategic Partnership is the formal bilateral framework,…
India-Sri Lanka Economic Partnership Vision
The India-Sri Lanka Economic Partnership Vision is a 2023 bilateral document…
India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
The India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is a recurring strategic forum in which…
India-US Civil Nuclear Deal (123 Agreement)
The India-US Civil Nuclear Deal is a 2008 bilateral agreement permitting full…
India-US Civil-Military Nuclear Separation Plan (2006)
The Separation Plan (2006) is India's scheme identifying which of its nuclear…
India's Contributions to UN Peacekeeping
India is one of the largest cumulative troop contributors to United Nations…
India's Female Formed Police Unit in Liberia
India's Female Formed Police Unit in Liberia was the first all-women contingent…
India's No First Use Nuclear Doctrine
No First Use is India's declared nuclear policy committing it to retaliate but…
India's Non-Permanent UNSC Membership (2021-22)
India served a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the United Nations…
India's NSG Membership Bid
India's NSG membership bid is its formal effort, launched in 2008 and applied…
Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
The Indian Administrative Service is the premier All India Service that staffs…
Indian Forest Service (IFoS)
The Indian Forest Service is one of India's three All India Services,…
Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)
The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative is an India-led framework, announced in…
Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA)
The IPMDA is a Quad-led initiative launched in 2022 that fuses commercial…
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Supreme Court of India judgment…
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Supreme Court of India judgment…
Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR)
The Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region is an Indian Navy-hosted…
Informational Self-Determination
Informational self-determination is the constitutional right of individuals to…
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
The IRDAI is India's statutory regulator for the insurance and reinsurance…
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
The Integrated Child Development Services is an Indian government scheme…
Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on UNSC Reform
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14 entriesK. S. Puttaswamy Case (Right to Privacy)
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6 entriesL.69 Group
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The Lokayukta is a statutory anti-corruption ombudsman established by Indian…
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The Lokpal of India is the national anti-corruption ombudsman established under…
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25 entriesM. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006)
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4 entriesOlga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985)
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2 entriesR
11 entriesRace to the Bottom in Federalism
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Residuary powers under Article 248 of the Indian Constitution vest Parliament…
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The Rights Test examines whether a law placed in the Ninth Schedule abridges…
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RTI Section 4 Suo Motu Disclosure
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46 entriesS-400 Triumf Deal (India-Russia)
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U
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