Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

Efforts to enhance the skills, resources, and institutions of states or organizations to improve governance or development.

Deng Xiaoping introduced market-oriented reforms in China, blending socialism with capitalist practices to modernize the economy.

An economic and political theory that explains global inequality as a result of historical exploitation and structural dependence of developing countries on developed ones.

Requirements imposed by donor countries or organizations that recipients must meet to receive aid, often related to governance reforms or policy changes. It links aid to political objectives.

Period of agricultural innovation from the 1940s to 1960s that increased food production worldwide through new technologies.

A composite statistic measuring a country's average achievements in health, education, and income.

Martha Nussbaum emphasized enabling individuals' capabilities as a framework for assessing justice and human development.

A collective human right recognizing peoples' entitlement to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural, and political development.

Global agenda of 17 goals adopted by UN member states to address social, economic, and environmental challenges by 2030.

Incorporating the UN SDGs into national policies and international cooperation to achieve global development targets.

A set of proposals by developing countries in the 1970s to promote their interests through reforming global economic relations.

Initiatives funded by the World Bank aimed at reducing poverty and promoting economic development in low-income countries.