Model United Nations Glossary

A temporary committee created to address a specific issue or task, dissolved once its mandate is fulfilled.

The suspension or ending of a meeting or debate until a later time or date.

A grouping of Model UN delegates whose policy positions oppose your own, typically drafting a competing resolution on the same agenda topic.

A Model UN committee that recreates organs of the African Union, where delegates represent member states to debate continental policy issues.

The specific issue a Model UN committee formally debates after adopting its agenda, framing all subsequent speeches, working papers, and resolutions.

In MUN, allotments are the country and committee assignments a conference gives to a delegation, determining which seats its delegates will represent.

A formal proposal to change, add, or delete parts of a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or working paper.

A specialized MUN crisis committee that simulates a historical senate—most often the Roman Senate—where delegates role-play named senators debating real or alternate-history events.

A Model UN committee that simulates the League of Arab States, where delegates represent member states debating regional political, security, and economic issues.

The closing session of a Model UN conference where delegates and delegations are recognized for outstanding performance in committee.

An informal, often private written message passed between Model UN delegates to negotiate, share information, or coordinate strategy outside formal debate.

A resource document providing comprehensive information on topics, countries, and issues for delegates.

A concise document providing essential context and facts about a committee’s topic for delegates’ reference.

In crisis Model UN, the reply or update sent by the backroom staff to a delegate's private directive, advancing or rejecting their proposed action.

An award given to the most outstanding participant in a committee based on diplomacy, knowledge, and procedure.

An accolade recognizing the most skilled and effective delegate in a committee. It reflects excellence in diplomacy, research, and public speaking.

A top delegation award given to the highest-performing school sending a large team to a Model UN conference, based on aggregate individual awards.

A Model UN award recognizing the delegate or delegation that submits the highest-quality pre-conference position paper in a given committee.

An award recognizing the delegate who submits the most thorough and well-written [Position Paper](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/position-paper).

A standardized one- to two-page structure used in Model UN to summarize a delegation's stance, past actions, and proposed solutions for each committee topic.

A conference-level award given to the top-performing school whose delegation falls below a set size threshold, recognizing quality over quantity.

A group of delegates or countries with similar interests or policies collaborating to advance common goals.

The process by which countries within a [Bloc](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/bloc) coordinate their positions and voting strategies to present a united front.

The process of forming alliances among countries with shared interests to strengthen negotiation leverage.

A delegate who organizes and represents a group of countries sharing similar interests or positions within a committee.

The Model UN process by which delegates group into coalitions to draft, merge, and pass resolutions reflecting shared policy positions.

A coordinated plan among a group of countries with similar interests to influence debate and voting outcomes.

An informal Model UN role where a delegate counts votes, enforces discipline, and keeps a bloc's members aligned behind shared draft resolutions or amendments.

BMUN is the annual high school Model UN conference hosted by the University of California, Berkeley, one of the oldest collegiate-run MUN conferences in the world.

A fast-paced Model UN committee format in which a small cabinet responds to evolving crisis updates through directives, communiqués, and portfolio powers.

An MUN slang term for a voting bloc that forms primarily to limit, cap, or water down an opposing bloc's draft resolution rather than to advance its own agenda.

A temporary break in [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate) allowing delegates to discuss issues informally, either moderated or unmoderated.

A delegate appointed or elected to moderate and manage discussions during a [Caucus](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/caucus), ensuring orderly and productive debate.

An ordered list of delegates who have requested the floor to speak during a [Moderated Caucus](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/moderated-caucus) or debate.

The authority granted to the committee chair to make procedural decisions or rulings during debate without requiring a vote.

A diplomat who heads a mission in the absence of an ambassador; in Model UN, a delegate role representing a state at a lower diplomatic rank than ambassador.

A senior secretariat officer in a Model UN conference responsible for coordinating staff operations, logistics, and committee support across the event.

The convention of assigning sequential numbers to operative clauses in a Model UN draft resolution so they can be referenced, amended, and voted on individually.

A finite, locked roster of delegates who will speak in formal debate; once exhausted, the committee must move to voting or a different procedure.

The formal final session of a Model UN conference where committees adjourn, awards are announced, and the Secretary-General officially closes proceedings.

The network of university-level Model UN conferences, travel teams, and rankings that together form the competitive ecosystem for collegiate MUN.

The symbolic tool used by the chair to maintain order and indicate the start or end of sessions.

A group photograph of all delegates, chairs, and staff in a Model UN committee, typically taken once during the conference as a keepsake.

A formal written statement, usually short, issued by a government, delegation, or international body to announce a decision, position, or outcome of a meeting.

The informal network of Model UN conferences that delegates and clubs travel to each season, often grouped by region, prestige, or format.

The formal attire standard expected of delegates at Model UN conferences, typically Western Business Attire, with cultural and religious dress treated as equivalent.

A pre-conference document distributed by a Model UN organizing team that consolidates logistics, rules of procedure, committee details, and delegate expectations.

The team of student staff that organizes and runs a Model UN conference, overseeing committees, logistics, and substantive content from planning through closing ceremonies.

An overarching topic or motto chosen by Model UN organizers to frame committee agendas, branding, and substantive debate across the conference.

General agreement among delegates that allows a resolution or decision to pass without formal voting.

A method of decision-making where all delegates agree on a proposal without a formal vote, emphasizing unity.

A [Consensus Decision](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/consensus-decision) reached when all but one delegate agree, allowing the committee to move forward despite a single objection.

An interconnected sequence of crisis updates in a Model UN committee that builds a single evolving storyline across sessions rather than isolated incidents.

A Model UN committee format in which a single evolving crisis arc unfolds across all sessions, with debate and updates flowing without resetting between sessions.

A delegate's research grid mapping each country in a Model UN committee to its key positions, alliances, and likely voting behavior on agenda topics.

A short written or spoken declaration in which a Model UN delegate outlines their assigned country's official position on the committee's topics.

An informal bloc of delegates in a Model UN crisis committee who coordinate private directives, troop movements, or backroom plans to shape the crisis arc.

The evolving storyline and sequence of events that develop during a crisis committee simulation.

The moment in a Model UN crisis committee when a delegate's long-running personal storyline reaches its decisive outcome, for better or worse.

An event or condition in a MUN crisis simulation that launches a pre-planned storyline, escalating the committee from baseline conditions into an active crisis arc.

A directive or backroom action in a Model UN crisis committee that targets the killing of a character, used to shift power, eliminate rivals, or escalate the arc.

The behind-the-scenes staff team in a Model UN crisis committee that writes the storyline, responds to delegate notes, and drives plot updates.

A Model UN crisis maneuver in which delegates secretly coordinate to overthrow a sitting leader or government portrayed in the committee.

In MUN crisis committees, the act of a delegate abandoning their bloc, faction, or assigned cabinet to switch allegiance, often mid-committee.

An official instruction issued by crisis staff to influence committee developments during a [Crisis Simulation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-simulation).

The lead staffer who designs and runs the backroom of a Model UN crisis committee, shaping the storyline through updates, character responses, and plot twists.

A coordinated directive in a Model UN crisis committee where two or more cabinets, blocs, or characters jointly execute a covert or military action.

The iterative cycle in a Model UN crisis committee where delegate actions trigger backroom updates, which generate new committee developments and prompt further responses.

A delegate's personal pad of paper used in Model UN crisis committees to send private directives, schemes, and requests to the crisis backroom.

The staff members who run the "backroom" of a crisis-style Model UN committee, processing delegate notes and generating updates that drive the storyline.

MUN slang for the perception that crisis staff shield certain delegates or storylines from elimination and failure, regardless of in-room play.

A mid-conference move by a MUN crisis staff to rewind, restart, or rebalance the storyline when the committee arc has broken down or stalled.

A dynamic committee format where delegates respond to evolving scenarios and urgent issues introduced by [Crisis Staff](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-staff).

A group of organizers who manage and introduce new developments during crisis committees to simulate dynamic scenarios.

A Model UN crisis tactic in which a delegate uses private notes and covert actions to pursue hidden objectives while publicly appearing to cooperate with the committee.

Information or developments communicated to delegates during a crisis committee to influence decision-making and actions.

A scripted announcement delivered by the crisis staff to a Model UN committee that introduces new developments delegates must react to in real time.

Diplomatic discussions between delegates from different blocs aiming to find common ground on contentious issues.

A Model UN format in which multiple committees run simultaneously and their decisions affect each other through a shared crisis backroom.

The team of student leaders who run a Model UN committee — typically a Chair, Vice-Chair, and Director — managing debate, procedure, and substantive content.

A written message a delegate sends to the chairing staff during a Model UN committee to ask procedural questions, raise concerns, or submit private directives.

A procedural decision made by the chair or dais of a Model UN committee on matters of rules, motions, or delegate conduct during debate.

The standard length each delegate is allotted to speak on the General Speakers' List or substantive debate, unless the committee votes to change it.

An informal social event held at most Model UN conferences where delegates gather after committee sessions to dance, mingle, and decompress.

An organized, informal evening gathering at a Model UN conference where delegates mingle outside committee, often featuring music, dancing, and themed activities.

The process by which a Model UN conference allocates specific countries or roles to participating schools or individual delegates before the event.

The number of delegates a school or club sends to a Model UN conference, often capped or allocated by the host secretariat.

A Model UN individual award recognizing a delegate who advanced committee outcomes through negotiation, compromise, and respectful coalition-building rather than dominance.

The set of polite conventions, forms of address, and respectful conduct that delegates are expected to observe toward each other and the chair during MUN proceedings.

The set of formal conventions governing speech, dress, address, and conduct used by diplomats and Model UN delegates in official settings.

A breach of diplomatic etiquette, protocol, or convention that causes embarrassment or offense but is usually unintentional rather than a deliberate insult.

An official instruction issued by the [Crisis Staff](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-staff) to delegates to introduce new elements or actions in crisis committees.

Special instructions issued by [Crisis Staff](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-staff) to delegates to influence committee developments.

A sub-group of [Crisis Staff](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-staff) responsible for drafting and issuing directives during crisis simulations.

A Model UN staff member responsible for researching, writing, and running a committee — typically crisis or specialized committees — during a conference.

A senior Model UN secretariat officer, typically responsible for the substantive academic content of a conference's committees.

The group of [Crisis Staff](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-staff) members responsible for managing the overall direction and narrative of a crisis committee.

Also called DISEC, a main UNGA committee focused on [Disarmament](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/disarmament), global security, and arms control.

A deliberative UN General Assembly subsidiary body with universal membership that makes non-binding recommendations on disarmament issues in three-year cycles.

The [Disarmament and International Security Committee](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/disarmament-and-international-security-committee) addressing global security, disarmament, and peacekeeping.

A procedural motion requiring a recorded, by-name vote on a substantive matter, replacing a simple show of hands or acclamation.

An alliance of two blocs working closely together to influence committee decisions or draft resolutions.

A Model UN setup where two delegates jointly represent a single country in one committee, sharing speaking time, voting, and position-paper duties.

A resolution draft formatted to span two pages, typically used to organize complex operative clauses for clarity.

A formal written proposal containing preambulatory and operative clauses submitted for debate and voting.

A unique identifier assigned to each [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) for tracking and reference during committee sessions.

A delegate who signs a Model UN draft resolution to support its introduction for debate, without committing to vote in favor of it.

A delegate or delegation that authors a draft resolution and formally puts their name to it, taking responsibility for its content and defense on the floor.

The Second Committee of the UN General Assembly, handling economic and financial issues; in MUN, a standard GA committee simulating those debates.

A principal UN organ responsible for coordinating economic, social, and related work among UN agencies.

A principal organ of the UN responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development.

The [Economic and Social Council](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/economic-and-social-council) of the UN responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development.

A specific type of [Crisis Directive](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-directive) issued quickly to address urgent developments within a crisis committee.

A special session convened rapidly to address urgent or unforeseen issues within a committee or [Crisis Simulation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-simulation).

Also known as [UNEP](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/unep), a UN agency coordinating environmental activities and assisting developing countries in environmental policy.

A Model UN-style committee that recreates the European Council, where delegates play EU heads of state or government negotiating by consensus.

A teacher, professor, or staff member who sponsors and oversees a Model UN team, handling logistics, supervision, and academic guidance.

Formal discussion in committee where delegates present speeches and negotiate on draft resolutions and amendments.

The behavioral conventions delegates follow during Model UN formal debate, including third-person speech, addressing the chair, and refraining from disruptive conduct.

A country's strategy in managing its relationships and interactions with other states and international organizations.

A structured discussion format governed by strict rules where delegates speak in turn according to the [Speaker's List](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/speakers-list).

A change to a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) supported by its original sponsors that does not require a formal vote to be incorporated.

An informal grouping of MUN delegates with compatible policies who coordinate on a draft resolution, usually merging into a single sponsor team.

A delegate who supports a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or working paper without being a sponsor, signaling endorsement.

A crisis-committee directive styled as a newspaper front page, used to inject in-world media events that shift the narrative or pressure delegates.

The formal, on-the-record portion of a Model UN committee session where delegates speak under parliamentary procedure, as opposed to informal "backroom" negotiation.

A Model UN committee simulating the full UN General Assembly, where all 193 member states convene together rather than dividing into Main Committees.

A small mallet used by the chair to call the committee to order or signal procedural decisions.

A gavel is a top delegate award given at a Model UN conference, typically presented as a miniature wooden chair's gavel to the strongest delegate in a committee.

The chair's action of striking the [Gavel](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/gavel) to call the committee to order or signal the start or end of debate.

The use of military force or [Economic Sanctions](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/economic-sanctions) to influence the behavior of other countries.

A Model UN rules style associated with Harvard-run conferences, emphasizing moderated and unmoderated caucuses, working papers, and consensus-driven debate flow.

The senior student leader of a Model UN delegation, responsible for representing the team to conference staff and coordinating its delegates across committees.

The network of Model UN conferences, training programs, and competitive rankings aimed at secondary school students rather than university delegates.

A Model UN committee set at a fixed past date where delegates roleplay historical figures and respond to fast-moving crises that can diverge from real events.

A Model UN committee that simulates the UN Security Council as it existed on a specific past date, requiring delegates to act with period-accurate knowledge and policy.

Harvard Model United Nations is a large annual high school MUN conference held in Boston each winter, organized by Harvard undergraduates.

A Model UN delegate award recognizing strong performance in a committee, typically ranked below Best Delegate and Outstanding Delegate.

Also known as [SOCHUM](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/sochum), a UNGA committee focusing on human rights issues and humanitarian concerns worldwide.

A committee of the UN General Assembly focused on social, humanitarian, and human rights issues.

A UN committee focused on issues related to human rights and humanitarian affairs.

An event where delegates campaign and present their case for leadership or awards within a conference setting.

A Model UN committee that blends multiple formats or simulation styles—typically mixing GA-style debate with crisis elements, or merging two distinct bodies into one room.

The [International Atomic Energy Agency](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/international-atomic-energy-agency) that promotes safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology.

The [International Court of Justice](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/international-court-of-justice), the principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between states.

The Ivy League Model United Nations Conference, a large high school MUN conference hosted annually in Philadelphia by the University of Pennsylvania.

A move taken by a delegate strictly within the role, mandate, and historical context of their assigned character or country in a Model UN committee.

A private meeting among delegates to negotiate and draft resolutions away from formal committee sessions.

A session where delegates discuss topics without strict procedural rules, allowing free conversation and negotiation.

Casual discussions and negotiations outside of formal sessions aimed at gaining support for resolutions or amendments.

A Model UN format in which two or more committees run simultaneously and exchange directives, communiqués, and crisis updates that shape each other's debate in real time.

The informal negotiation, persuasion, and coalition-building that delegates conduct with each other outside formal speeches during a Model UN committee.

The [IAEA](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/iaea) promotes safe, peaceful, and secure use of nuclear technology worldwide.

A UN-affiliated organization promoting safe, peaceful, and secure use of nuclear technology worldwide.

The informal global network of Model UN conferences held outside a delegate's home country, often featuring multinational delegations and varied procedural styles.

The principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions.

The principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between states.

A Model UN role in which delegates act as journalists, photographers, or editors covering committee sessions instead of representing a country.

The Joint Crisis Committee, a format where multiple committees interact during a [Crisis Simulation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-simulation).

A crisis committee format where two or more related committees interact dynamically during simulations.

Individuals who facilitate the Joint Crisis Committee by managing the crisis narrative and delegate interactions.

A Model UN format in which two or more cabinet committees representing opposing sides simultaneously respond to an escalating crisis through directives and covert actions.

A [Crisis Simulation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-simulation) involving two or more committees interacting within a shared crisis environment.

A crisis format combining multiple committees or factions to simulate complex, interconnected scenarios.

The group of moderators responsible for managing the scenario, rules, and narrative [Flow](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/flow) in a Joint Crisis Committee.

A [Crisis Directive](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crisis-directive) issued collaboratively by two or more crisis committees to influence the simulation's storyline.

The practice of aligning directives across two or more linked crisis committees so that actions in one room produce coherent effects in the other(s).

A crisis-committee mechanism in which two or more delegates submit a coordinated personal directive that requires backroom approval before any actions take effect.

The Sixth Committee is the main forum of the UN General Assembly for considering legal questions, where all 193 member states are represented.

The act of persuading or negotiating with other delegates to gain support for resolutions or positions.

A designated time during a conference when delegates actively engage in negotiation and alliance-building outside [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate).

The official authority or responsibility given to a UN organ or delegate to act on specific issues.

A state with moderate economic, military, and diplomatic weight that influences global affairs through coalition-building, mediation, and niche diplomacy rather than unilateral power projection.

The network of Model UN conferences, training programs, and competitions designed specifically for students in grades 6–8 (roughly ages 11–14).

A Model UN exercise where delegates face simulated journalists who ask pointed questions about their country's positions, forcing real-time defense of policy.

A structured debate format where the chair calls on delegates to speak on a specific topic for a limited time.

The process of setting specific time limits and speaking order during a [Moderated Caucus](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/moderated-caucus) to focus debate on a particular topic.

A procedural motion requesting that each delegation's vote on a substantive matter be recorded individually by name rather than by a show of placards.

A formal proposal to end the current meeting or session immediately, requiring a vote for approval.

A procedural request to challenge the chair's ruling on a [Point of Order](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/point-of-order) or parliamentary inquiry, requiring a vote by the committee.

A formal procedural motion used in some Model UN committees to publicly reprimand a delegate for serious breaches of decorum or rules.

A procedural motion to end debate on the current topic and proceed to voting on draft resolutions or amendments.

A procedural motion to stop adding new speakers to the General Speakers List, so debate ends once the current queue is exhausted.

A procedural motion requesting a recount of a close vote by individual delegation, replacing a show of placards with a recorded tally.

A procedural motion to split a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or clause into separate parts for individual voting.

A procedural motion asking the chair to remove a delegate from committee, usually for serious misconduct or repeated rules violations.

A procedural motion in MUN by which a delegate formally brings a working paper to the committee's attention so it can be displayed, discussed, and amended.

A motion to restrict the time allocated for debating a particular topic or [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution).

A procedural motion that closes debate on all pending draft resolutions and amendments and immediately begins formal voting in a Model UN committee.

A procedural motion raised by a delegate at the start of a Model UN session to formally begin substantive debate after roll call.

A parliamentary procedure allowing the committee to temporarily pause [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate) and resume later without adjourning the session entirely.

A procedural motion allowing delegates to reopen debate on a previously decided topic or resolution during a committee session.

A procedural motion in Model UN asking the chair to reopen a closed General Speakers List so additional delegates can be added to speak on the topic.

A procedural motion proposing the order in which topics will be debated during the committee session.

A procedural motion that temporarily halts formal debate on a topic, most often to move into an unmoderated or moderated caucus.

A procedural motion to temporarily pause the committee proceedings for a specified period or until the chair calls the meeting back to order.

A procedural motion to temporarily suspend debate on a particular topic or [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution), effectively postponing discussion until later in the session.

A diplomatic approach where multiple countries collaborate on common issues through international institutions or agreements.

The rules of procedure used at the North American Invitational Model United Nations (NAIMUN), hosted annually by Georgetown University.

An MUN dress code allowance permitting delegates to wear formal traditional attire from their assigned or home country in place of standard Western business dress.

A Model UN-style committee that simulates NATO bodies, most often the North Atlantic Council, operating under consensus decision-making rather than majority voting.

A procedural injection of new in-committee information by the dais or crisis staff, designed to escalate, redirect, or accelerate Model UN debate.

National Model United Nations is a large university-level MUN conference run by the nonprofit NCCA, best known for its annual New York conference held at UN Headquarters.

An independent group that participates in UN activities without government affiliation or voting rights.

An independent organization that participates in UN activities and [Advocacy](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/advocacy) but is not a member state.

An entity granted standing to participate in UN proceedings without voting rights, typically a state or intergovernmental organization not holding full membership.

An [Amendment](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/amendment) that clarifies or corrects language without changing the meaning or intent of a clause.

The practice in Model UN of sending written messages between delegates, the dais, or press during formal session to coordinate, negotiate, or communicate quietly.

A Model UN staff member who physically delivers handwritten notes between delegates during committee session when electronic communication is restricted.

A delegation representing a non-member entity that may attend and speak in UN or MUN proceedings but generally cannot vote on substantive matters.

A non-member entity granted standing rights to participate in UN proceedings — including speaking and co-sponsoring resolutions — but without the right to vote.

A continuously running list of delegates who wish to give general speeches on a committee's topic, remaining open until formally closed by motion.

The formal event that inaugurates a Model UN conference, typically featuring keynote speeches, secretariat introductions, and procedural welcomes before committee sessions begin.

A delegate's initial presentation outlining their country's position and priorities at the start of committee sessions.

A clause in a resolution that outlines specific actions or recommendations to be implemented by member states or the UN.

A clause in a resolution that outlines specific actions or recommendations for the committee to adopt.

The process of writing the numbered action clauses of a Model UN draft resolution, each starting with an italicized verb and proposing concrete committee actions.

The italicized action verb that opens each operative clause of a Model UN draft resolution, signaling what the body resolves to do.

A Model UN move in which a delegate steps outside their assigned country or role to address a procedural, personal, or real-world matter.

A high-tier Model UN individual award, typically ranked just below Best Delegate, recognizing strong performance in a committee.

The five permanent members of the UN [Security Council](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/security-council): China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

A Model UN country assignment representing one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, the UK, or the US.

A handwritten note passed between delegates during Model UN committee sessions to coordinate strategy, share ideas, or socialize without interrupting debate.

In Model UN, a page is a staffer (often a student volunteer) who carries notes between delegates and the dais during committee session.

The codified set of rules governing how a Model UN committee debates, negotiates, amends, and votes on proposals during a session.

A UN mission deploying military and civilian personnel to help maintain peace and security in conflict areas.

The five permanent members of the UN [Security Council](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/security-council) with veto power: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

An informal MUN role or conference staff position responsible for capturing photos of committee sessions, socials, and award ceremonies for the conference record.

A sign displayed by delegates to identify their country during [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate) and voting procedures.

The set of conventions governing when and how delegates raise their country placards in a Model UN committee to signal votes, motions, and speaking interest.

The process by which a delegate gains the floor to speak by raising their [Placard](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/placard) and being acknowledged by the chair.

A question posed by a delegate to the speaker during or after a speech for clarification or challenge.

An interjection by a delegate to draw attention to a breach in parliamentary procedure requiring immediate correction.

A question raised by a delegate to the chair seeking clarification on rules or procedures during a committee session.

A procedural point raised when a delegate experiences personal discomfort affecting their participation.

A procedural tool used by delegates to question or correct the application of rules during debate.

A point raised by a delegate when their ability to participate is impaired, such as hearing difficulties or discomfort.

The degree to which a delegate's statements, draft language, and votes match the actual foreign policy positions of the country they represent in a Model UN simulation.

In crisis-style Model UN, the set of resources, authorities, and relationships a delegate's assigned character controls and can deploy through directives.

A concise document outlining a country's official stance and policies on agenda topics to guide debate and negotiation.

A document summarizing a country's official stance and proposed solutions on committee topics.

The cutoff date by which Model UN delegates must submit their position papers to the dais in order to be eligible for awards or committee participation.

Guidelines on how to structure and present a [Position Paper](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/position-paper), including sections like country stance, policy proposals, and citations.

A standardized scoring guide used by judges to evaluate the quality, clarity, and content of delegates’ position papers.

An online system used by Model UN conferences to collect, store, and distribute delegate position papers before committee sessions begin.

An informal Model UN label for a delegation with outsized diplomatic, economic, or military leverage that shapes committee outcomes and bloc formation.

An MUN assignment representing a state with significant geopolitical, economic, or military influence, expected to drive negotiations and shape resolution outcomes.

A situation in a MUN crisis committee where a sudden loss of central authority creates an unclaimed space of power that rival actors race to fill.

The process of writing the opening clauses of a Model UN draft resolution that frame the issue's context, history, and relevant prior UN action.

A section in a resolution that provides background, context, and justification for the actions proposed in the operative clauses.

An opening clause in a Model UN draft resolution that frames context, history, and justification for the action that follows in the operative section.

An official statement issued during crisis committees to inform delegates about developments or changes in the scenario.

A short in-character statement issued by a delegation or bloc in a Model UN committee to publicize a position, announce action, or shape the narrative.

The default open speakers list in a Model UN committee where delegates give general speeches on the topic currently under debate.

A confidential written note sent in a crisis MUN committee from one delegate (or their character) to another individual, bloc, or external actor.

The method of voting in Model UN on motions about committee process (not resolution content), where abstentions are barred and a simple or two-thirds majority decides.

A formal public statement issued by a delegation, bloc, or committee in crisis MUN to announce positions, decisions, or actions to other actors and the press.

A crisis committee document submitted openly by a delegate that proposes coordinated action by the committee as a whole, visible to all members.

The minimum number of delegates required to be present for a committee to conduct official business and make decisions.

A procedure to confirm that the minimum number of delegates is present to conduct official committee business.

The minimum number of delegates required to be present for a committee to conduct official business and make decisions.

A committee officer or appointed expert responsible for investigating an issue and reporting findings, conclusions, or draft texts back to the parent body.

A temporary suspension of a meeting or debate, after which the committee reconvenes to continue business.

A geographic cluster of Model UN conferences that share overlapping delegate pools, procedural norms, and a recognizable competitive season.

A Model UN role in which a delegate acts as a journalist, covering committee sessions and producing news content rather than representing a country.

A Model UN individual award recognizing the delegate who showed the deepest, most accurate substantive knowledge of their committee's topics and country position.

A coalition of Model UN delegates who collaborate to draft and sponsor a single resolution, pooling clauses, signatures, and negotiating power in committee.

An operative clause in a UN-style resolution that urges states or actors to take a specified action, stronger than "recommends" but weaker than "demands."

The standardized structural and stylistic conventions used to draft Model UN resolutions, including preambulatory and operative clauses, punctuation, and numbering.

The top section of a Model UN draft resolution listing the committee, topic, sponsors, and signatories before any preambular or operative clauses.

The informal process in Model UN where two or more draft resolutions are combined into a single document before voting, usually to consolidate support.

The unique identifier assigned to a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) once it is formally submitted for debate and voting.

The formal recitation of a draft resolution's operative clauses in committee before debate or voting, allowing delegates to review the text.

An informal name for a preambulatory clause in a Model UN resolution, which states context, precedent, or justification rather than proposed action.

A procedural opportunity for a delegate to respond to statements that personally or nationally offend them during debate.

A procedural motion allowing a delegate to formally respond to remarks deemed insulting to their country's sovereignty, dignity, or honor.

A manual of parliamentary procedure first published in 1876 by Henry Martyn Robert, providing standardized rules for motions, debate, and voting in deliberative assemblies.

A formal procedure where delegates respond present or absent during the opening of a committee or for votes.

A voting procedure where each delegate's vote is recorded individually by name or country.

A voting method in which the chair calls each delegation by name in turn and records its individual vote of yes, no, abstain, or pass.

The formal set of parliamentary rules that govern how a Model UN committee debates, votes, and moves business from opening session to closure.

A Model UN staff member who physically delivers notes, draft resolutions, and amendments between delegates, the dais, and committee staff during sessions.

A topic-specific speakers list opened after a committee has set its agenda, used to debate a single topic in depth rather than choose between topics.

The administrative body of the UN responsible for executing day-to-day operations and supporting other organs.

The highest-ranking official of the UN Secretariat, and—in Model UN—the top student officer responsible for leading a conference.

One of the six principal organs of the UN responsible for maintaining international peace and security with fifteen member states, including five permanent members with [Veto Power](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/veto-power).

The UN organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security with authority to impose sanctions.

A binding decision adopted by the [United Nations Security Council](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/united-nations-security-council) addressing issues of international peace and security.

The power of any of the five permanent members of the UN [Security Council](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/security-council) to unilaterally block the adoption of a substantive resolution.

The first procedural motion in most MUN committees, used to decide the order in which pre-assigned topics will be debated.

A procedural MUN motion to fix how long each delegate may speak when recognized from the speakers list, usually set between 30 seconds and two minutes.

A delegate who supports a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or working paper but does not take full responsibility as a sponsor.

A voting threshold requiring more than half of the votes cast in favor (excluding abstentions) for a motion or resolution to pass.

A Model UN committee format in which each member state or assigned position is represented by one delegate rather than a pair.

A state with limited material capabilities and regional or global influence, often relying on diplomacy, coalitions, and international law to advance its interests.

The [Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/social-humanitarian-and-cultural-committee) of the UN General Assembly focusing on human rights and social issues.

Also known as [SOCHUM](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/sochum), a main UNGA committee focusing on human rights, humanitarian affairs, and social issues.

A main UN General Assembly committee addressing human rights, humanitarian affairs, and social issues.

The ability of a country to influence others through cultural appeal, diplomacy, and values rather than coercion.

The use of cultural influence, diplomacy, and persuasion rather than military force to achieve international objectives.

The principle that states have full authority over their territory and domestic affairs without external interference.

A list maintained by the chair that tracks the order of delegates wishing to speak during [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate) sessions.

A procedural request in Model UN to lengthen the time a delegate has to speak beyond the limit set for the current speakers list or caucus.

A main UNGA committee focused on political issues, [Decolonization](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/decolonization), peacekeeping, and related matters.

A main committee of the UN General Assembly focusing on [Decolonization](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/decolonization), peacekeeping, and political issues.

A main UN General Assembly committee addressing issues like decolonization, peacekeeping, and political questions.

An autonomous organization affiliated with the UN that focuses on specific areas like health, labor, or agriculture.

A Model UN committee simulating a UN specialized agency or technical body, with a narrower mandate, smaller size, and more specialized policy focus than General Assembly committees.

A delegate or country that authors and supports a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or working paper, taking responsibility for its content.

A group of Model UN delegates who jointly draft and formally sponsor a working paper or draft resolution, sharing authorship and negotiating responsibilities.

The list of delegates who formally support and take responsibility for a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or amendment.

The act of formally supporting a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or working paper by being listed as a sponsor, indicating active involvement in its creation.

An internal, pre-conference planning document a Model UN delegate prepares to map their country's positions, allies, red lines, and negotiation tactics.

A committee or working group established under a main UN organ to focus on specific issues.

An amendment that significantly alters the content or intent of a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution), often requiring debate and voting.

The part of committee discussion focused on the content and merits of a topic, as opposed to procedural or administrative matters.

A note passed between delegates during a Model UN committee session to negotiate policy, exchange ideas, or coordinate bloc positions on agenda topics.

A vote on the main content of a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) or amendment, as opposed to procedural matters.

The formal Model UN process for voting on substantive matters such as draft resolutions and amendments, distinct from procedural votes on committee operations.

A motion to temporarily halt committee sessions, allowing delegates to [Caucus](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/caucus) or consult informally.

A consensus-oriented Model UN rules of procedure developed by The Hague International Model United Nations, emphasizing pre-conference resolution drafting and lobbying.

The two substantive issues placed on a Model UN committee's agenda, from which delegates choose the debate order at the start of session.

The section of a Model UN background guide that explains the history, context, and current state of a committee's agenda topic for delegate research.

The process by which Model UN organizers and committee directors choose the issues delegates will debate during a conference.

A delegate or bloc that formally introduces and champions a particular topic, agenda item, or working paper in a Model UN committee.

A short background document written by Model UN chairs summarizing a committee topic, its history, key actors, and questions delegates must address.

The set of Model UN conferences a delegation regularly attends, usually involving travel beyond its home region or country.

A school's delegation of Model UN students selected to represent it at off-campus conferences, typically through tryouts and competitive selection.

A Model UN assignment in which three delegates jointly represent a single country or position in a committee, sharing speaking time, voting, and research duties.

A voting threshold requiring at least two-thirds of votes cast in favor for a motion or decision to pass, used for procedural and substantive matters in MUN.

The UN entity for gender equality and the empowerment of women, established in 2010 to consolidate four prior UN gender-focused bodies.

The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the UN agency mandated to promote sustainable urbanization and adequate housing, headquartered in Nairobi.

A Model UN rules format developed with the UN Department of Global Communications that mirrors actual UN working methods, emphasizing consensus and informal negotiation.

A senior leadership role, used both at the actual UN and in Model UN conferences to designate top staff heading major substantive or operational portfolios.

A Model UN delegation assigned a country or bloc that is rarely chosen, often small, sanctioned, or diplomatically isolated, requiring deeper research to represent effectively.

The United Nations Environment Programme coordinating global environmental activities and assisting developing countries.

A Model UN committee simulating the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which coordinates global policy on education, science, culture, and communication.

An amendment proposed to a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) without the original sponsors' consent, requiring a formal vote for adoption.

A delegate who signs a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) but does not fully support it and may propose amendments against it.

The United Nations agency responsible for protecting and supporting refugees and displaced persons worldwide.

The United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.

A principal UN organ responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development.

A UN agency responsible for coordinating environmental activities and assisting developing countries in environmental policy.

A UN agency mandated to protect and support refugees and displaced persons worldwide.

A UN agency mandated to protect and support refugees worldwide.

A flexible debate period where delegates freely discuss and negotiate without formal speaking order or moderation.

The process by which the chair determines the length of an [Unmoderated Caucus](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/unmoderated-caucus) based on delegate proposals and committee needs. It balances discussion freedom and time management.

The Under-Secretary-General of Committees is a senior MUN secretariat member who oversees substantive committee operations, chairs, and academic quality.

The Under-Secretary-General of Crisis is the senior secretariat member responsible for designing, staffing, and running all crisis committees at a Model UN conference.

A senior Model UN secretariat officer responsible for managing delegate experience, from registration and communications to in-conference support and feedback.

A spoken acknowledgment from the chair recognizing a delegate's strong performance at a Model UN conference without granting a formal physical award.

The act of a Model UN chair calling on a delegate by name to speak, vote, or make a motion during formal or moderated debate.

A theoretical procedure in which the General Assembly or other body attempts to bypass a [Security Council Veto](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/security-council-veto).

The ability of any of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council to reject a substantive [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution), preventing its adoption.

In Model UN, the procedural assignment of veto rights to delegates representing the five permanent members of the UN Security Council during simulated voting.

A member of a Model UN committee's dais who supports the Chair by managing procedure, debate flow, and delegate questions during a conference.

The default formal dress code for most Model UN conferences, modeled on professional office wear used in diplomatic and corporate Western settings.

A Model UN committee simulating the World Health Organization, where delegates debate global health policy, disease response, and health system coordination.

An informal document used to share ideas and draft proposals before formal submission as a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution).

A delegate who formally adds their delegation's name to a working paper in Model UN, signaling willingness to let it be introduced for debate.

A delegate or delegation whose name appears on a Model UN working paper as a primary author, taking public responsibility for its content.

The Harvard World Model United Nations, an annual international MUN conference held in a different host city each year for university students.

The rules of procedure used at Harvard WorldMUN, blending parliamentary debate with collaborative drafting through moderated and unmoderated caucuses.

A Model UN committee that simulates the World Trade Organization, where delegates represent member economies negotiating trade rules, disputes, and policy.

The act of a speaker giving their remaining speaking time to another delegate or the chair during [Formal Debate](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/formal-debate).

A procedural action in Model UN where a delegate, after finishing a speech, transfers their unused speaking time to another delegate, the chair, or to questions.

The act of a delegate giving their remaining speaking time to another delegate or the chair during debate.

A delegate's option to transfer remaining speaking time to a fellow delegate instead of to the chair or [Yielding Time](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/yielding-time).

When a delegate finishes their speech and yields their remaining time back to the chair for further instructions.

A delegate’s choice to allow other delegates to ask questions after delivering a speech within their allotted time.

A procedural option in Model UN where a delegate gives any remaining speaking time back to the dais, ending their speech without further use.

The act of a delegate giving their remaining speech time to another delegate or the chair. It allows flexible use of allocated speaking periods during debate.

An initial, informal version of a [Draft Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/draft-resolution) circulated to gather feedback before formal submission.