Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

The use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another state.

Acts taken by a state in response to another state's internationally wrongful act, intended to induce compliance with international obligations.

The right of a state to protect its nationals by espousing their claims against another state for injuries caused by internationally wrongful acts. It is a mechanism of international responsibility.

A criterion to attribute conduct to a state based on its effective control over non-state actors during armed conflict.

Legal obligations owed by states towards the international community as a whole, allowing any state to invoke responsibility for their breach.

Voluntary payments made by a state or organization without admitting legal liability, often to victims of wrongful acts.

The responsibility of the state whose flag a vessel flies to ensure compliance with international maritime regulations and standards.

A country that receives and provides refuge or asylum to individuals fleeing persecution or conflict abroad.

Duties imposed on a state that receives foreign diplomatic missions, international organizations, or refugees within its territory.

An action or omission attributable to a state that breaches an international obligation and causes injury to another state. It triggers state responsibility.