Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

The active, nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws or demands of a government as a form of protest.

Albert Hirschman theorized that individuals respond to decline in organizations by exiting, voicing concerns, or remaining loyal.

Martin Luther King Jr. emphasized that peace requires justice, advocating nonviolent resistance to achieve social equality and civil rights.

Malcolm X promoted Black Nationalism advocating self-determination, racial pride, and empowerment for African Americans.

A strategy of political protest seeking social change through peaceful methods without physical force.

A revolutionary socialist organization advocating for African American rights and self-defense against racial oppression in the 1960s and 1970s.

A political and social movement aiming to unify African nations and people of African descent in the struggle against colonialism and racism.