Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

A series of pro-democracy uprisings and protests across the Arab world beginning in 2010 that challenged authoritarian regimes.

1967 conflict where Israel fought Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, resulting in territorial gains for Israel.

1978 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel brokered by the United States, marking a major step towards Middle East peace.

A U.S. policy strategy aimed at containing two adversaries simultaneously, notably Iran and Iraq in the 1990s, to prevent regional dominance. It involves balancing multiple security threats.

A jihadist militant group that controlled large parts of Iraq and Syria from 2014, known for extreme violence and terrorism.

The self-declared Islamic State's territorial control in parts of Iraq and Syria from 2014 to 2019, asserting a caliphate authority.

A long-standing territorial and political dispute between Israelis and Palestinians centered on land, sovereignty, and rights.

A 1953 CIA-led coup d'état that overthrew Iran’s Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh and strengthened the Shah's rule.

The 1991 military campaign by coalition forces to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation during the Gulf War.

A nationalist movement aiming to unify Arab countries culturally and politically across the Middle East and North Africa.

1956 invasion of Egypt by Israel, Britain, and France after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal, leading to international tensions.

A secret 1916 agreement between Britain and France dividing Ottoman territories in the Middle East into spheres of influence after World War I.