Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

A governing system characterized by concentrated power, limited political freedoms, and minimal political pluralism.

A hybrid regime with formal democratic institutions but unfair advantages for incumbents.

A political system that appears democratic but operates with authoritarian controls and limited political freedoms in practice.

The gradual weakening of democratic institutions and norms, often leading to reduced political freedoms and accountability without immediate regime change.

The use of constitutional means to erode liberal democratic principles while maintaining formal democratic structures.

A governing system with elections but limited civil liberties and weakened rule of law.

A political system where a leader claims to represent the 'true people' against elites and uses authoritarian tactics to consolidate power. It often undermines democratic norms.

A form of authoritarian rule that maintains democratic institutions and elections but restricts freedoms and manipulates processes to stay in power.