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🇪🇸 Spain: Politics & Democracy

Yes — with a V-Dem liberal democracy score of 74.1 (on a 0–100 scale), Spain ranks among the world's strong liberal democracies.

Liberal democracy rank (2025)

#21 of 179

Score (0–100)

74.1

10-year change

−1.8

Full rankings →

Current leaders

Felipe VI of Spain

Head of State

since 2014-06-19

Pedro Sánchez

Head of Government · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party

since 2018-06-02

Democracy trend

05010019002025
Spain — V-Dem liberal democracy index, 1900–2025 (0–100 scale). Latest: 74.1 in 2025.

Upcoming elections

2027 Barcelona City Council election

2027-01-01T00:00:00Z

next Valencian regional election

2027-05-23T00:00:00Z

next Madrilenian regional election

2027-05-23T00:00:00Z

next Cantabrian regional election

2027-05-23T00:00:00Z

2027 Spanish regional elections

2027-05-23T00:00:00Z

Voting alignment

Spain's closest UN General Assembly voting partners since 1946:

Frequently asked questions

Is Spain a democracy?

Yes — with a V-Dem liberal democracy score of 74.1 (on a 0–100 scale), Spain ranks among the world's strong liberal democracies. It ranks #21 of 179 countries in 2025.

Is democracy in Spain improving or declining?

Spain's V-Dem liberal democracy score has declined by 1.8 points over the past decade, standing at 74.1 in 2025 (1-year change: −0.2).

Who leads Spain?

Felipe VI of Spain is Spain's head of state; Pedro Sánchez serves as head of government (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party).

When is the next election in Spain?

2027 Barcelona City Council election is scheduled for 2027-01-01T00:00:00Z.

More on Spain

Data source: Coppedge, Michael et al. 'V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15', Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project, https://www.v-dem.net, CC BY 4.0.