The International Criminal Court — Glossary

The use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, [Territorial Integrity](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/territorial-integrity), or political independence of another state.

Certain widespread or systematic attacks against civilians, including murder, enslavement, torture, and persecution.

An international treaty defining genocide and obligating states to prevent and punish its commission.

The principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions.

A permanent court that prosecutes individuals for crimes such as genocide, [Crimes Against Humanity](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/crimes-against-humanity), war crimes, and aggression.

A theory of justice emphasizing fairness and equality, advocating principles chosen behind a [Veil of Ignorance](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/veil-of-ignorance) to ensure impartiality.

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm and restoring relationships through [Facilitated Dialogue](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/facilitated-dialogue) rather than punishment in conflict resolution.

The condition of individuals who are not recognized as citizens by any country, lacking legal nationality.

A set of principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures governing a specific international issue.

A court established to prosecute individuals accused of serious violations of international humanitarian law during armed conflicts. It may be ad hoc or permanent.