How Laws Are Made — Glossary

A constitutional requirement that certain presidential appointments and treaties must be approved by the legislative body before taking effect.

A [Legislative Committee](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/legislative-committee) responsible for determining the specific allocation of funds to government agencies and programs.

A [Directive](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/directive) issued by the executive branch that manages operations of the government and has the force of law without needing legislative approval.

The [Judicial Review](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/judicial-review) doctrine empowers courts to invalidate laws and executive actions that conflict with the constitution.

The process by which legislative bodies monitor and supervise government agencies and officials to ensure laws are implemented properly and to prevent abuse of power.

A mechanism allowing a legislature to nullify or reject actions taken by the executive branch, often without full legislative approval. It serves as a check on executive power.

An indirect [Veto](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/veto) by the executive, occurring when a bill is not signed within the time allowed and the legislature is not in session.

The stages through which public policy progresses: agenda-setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination.

A form of government where the executive branch is separate from the legislature, and the president is both head of state and government.

A legal clause that sets a future date for a law or regulation to come into effect, allowing time for preparation and compliance. It helps governments phase in new policies smoothly.