The EU: How It Works — Glossary

The power of courts to assess the constitutionality of laws and government actions, including election laws. It acts as a check on democratic processes.

International relations theory emphasizing cooperation through institutions to overcome anarchy and promote peace.

A global system based on rules, institutions, and cooperation promoting democracy, free trade, and human rights, established after World War II. It shapes current international relations.

The head of the party with the second-largest number of seats in a legislative chamber. This leader organizes opposition and strategy against the majority party.

A single legislative document that packages together several measures into one comprehensive bill for approval.

A form of government where the executive branch is separate from the legislature, and the president is both head of state and government.

UN body responsible for promoting and protecting human rights worldwide through dialogue and investigations.

A UN body that supports post-conflict recovery and institution building to prevent relapse into conflict.

A principal UN body responsible for maintaining international peace and security with the power to authorize military action.

A former UN body established to oversee the administration of trust territories and guide them toward self-government or independence.