Bangladesh Affairs — Glossary

The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, adopted on 4 November 1972 and effective 16 December 1972, founded on the four state principles.

The Agartala Conspiracy Case was a 1968 sedition trial in which Pakistan's government charged Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and 34 others with conspiring to secede East Pakistan with Indian assistance.

Akbar (1542–1605) was the third Mughal emperor whose reign (1556–1605) consolidated the empire across northern India through military conquest, administrative reform, and a policy of religious conciliation.

The Anti-Corruption Commission is Bangladesh's independent statutory body established in 2004 to prevent, investigate and prosecute corruption and abuse of public office.

The Attorney-General is the highest law officer of the state, serving as the government's chief legal adviser and primary representative in the courts.

Bangladesh Affairs is the compulsory BCS examination paper covering the nation's history, constitution, geography, economy, politics, and governance from 1947 to the present.

The Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund is a government-financed national fund, established under the Climate Change Trust Act 2010, to finance domestic adaptation and mitigation projects.

The Bangladesh Liberation War was the 1971 nine-month armed conflict in which East Pakistan seceded from Pakistan to become the independent state of Bangladesh.

The Climate Vulnerable Forum is an intergovernmental partnership of developing countries highly threatened by climate change that advocates for ambitious global emissions cuts and climate finance.

Everything But Arms (EBA) is the European Union's preferential trade scheme granting duty-free, quota-free access to all imports from Least Developed Countries except armaments.

The Farakka Barrage is an Indian diversion structure on the Ganga in West Bengal, commissioned in 1975, that regulates dry-season flows shared between India and Bangladesh.

The Fifteenth Amendment denotes two distinct constitutional provisions: the 1870 US amendment barring racial denial of the vote, and Bangladesh's 2011 amendment restoring secularism and abolishing the caretaker government.

The First Amendment most commonly denotes the first formal alteration to a national constitution, though its content differs sharply between the Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani and American systems.

General Knowledge is a composite examination domain testing a candidate's broad awareness of current affairs, history, geography, science, polity, and culture across both national and international dimensions.

The Generalized System of Preferences is a non-reciprocal, non-discriminatory trade scheme under which developed countries grant tariff concessions on imports from developing countries.

Grameen Bank is a Bangladeshi microfinance institution that extends small collateral-free loans to the rural poor, predominantly women, through group-based lending.

International affairs is the study and conduct of political, economic, legal, and security relations among states and other actors across national boundaries.

The International Crimes Tribunal is a Bangladeshi domestic court established under the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973 to prosecute genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes committed during the 1971 Liberation War.

The Jatiya Sangsad is the unicameral national legislature of Bangladesh, established under Part V of the 1972 Constitution and seated at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka.

LDC graduation is the United Nations process by which a country exits the Least Developed Countries category, with Bangladesh scheduled to graduate on 24 November 2026.

Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist, Nobel laureate, and pioneer of microcredit who became Chief Adviser of Bangladesh's interim government in August 2024.

The 2006 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank for advancing economic and social development through microcredit.

November 2026 is the eleventh month of the Gregorian year 2026, a calendar period serving as a reference point for scheduled elections, treaty deadlines, fiscal milestones, and anniversaries relevant to Bangladesh and global affairs.

The Padma Bridge is a 6.15-kilometre multipurpose road-rail bridge over the Padma River in Bangladesh, inaugurated in June 2022 and financed entirely from domestic resources.

The President is the constitutional head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces, exercising executive authority that is largely formal and bound by ministerial advice in parliamentary systems.

The Prime Minister is the head of government in a parliamentary system, leading the council of ministers and exercising real executive authority on behalf of a nominal head of state.

Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was a Bengali polymath, poet and Nobel laureate whose writings furnished the national anthems of both India and Bangladesh.

The Rana Plaza collapse was the 24 April 2013 failure of an eight-storey garment factory building in Savar, Bangladesh, killing 1,134 workers in the world's deadliest industrial-garment disaster.

The ready-made garments (RMG) sector is Bangladesh's export-oriented apparel manufacturing industry, the country's largest foreign-exchange earner and single biggest formal employer.

The Sixteenth Amendment denotes two distinct constitutional changes—the 1913 US amendment authorising a federal income tax and Bangladesh's 2014 amendment empowering Parliament to remove Supreme Court judges.

The Supreme Court is the highest appellate and constitutional court of a state, exercising final jurisdiction over the interpretation of law and the constitution.

The Teesta is a 414-kilometre trans-boundary river rising in Sikkim and flowing through West Bengal into Bangladesh, where its long-disputed water-sharing remains unresolved.

The Thirteenth Amendment is a constitutional amendment, distinct in each polity, most famously the 1865 US provision abolishing slavery and the 1987 Sri Lankan devolution measure creating provincial councils.

The Twelfth Amendment denotes two distinct constitutional reforms: the 1804 U.S. amendment restructuring presidential-elector voting, and Bangladesh's 1991 amendment restoring parliamentary government.