Vatican City.

Vatican City's foreign policy is primarily conducted through the Holy See, which acts as its sovereign entity in international relations. The Holy See maintains diplomatic relations with a vast majority of the world's countries and is a member or observer in various international organizations. Its diplomatic efforts focus on promoting peace, human rights, and humanitarian issues, often reflecting the moral and ethical teachings of the Catholic Church.

The Holy See is a permanent observer at the United Nations, where it participates in discussions and contributes to debates on global issues, although it does not have voting rights. The Vatican's diplomatic network is extensive, with nunciatures (embassies) in many countries, allowing it to influence international policy and advocate for religious freedom and ethical considerations in global governance.

Vatican City itself does not engage in military alliances or economic treaties, as its primary focus is on religious and cultural diplomacy. The Holy See often acts as a mediator in international conflicts and promotes dialogue between different faiths and cultures, leveraging its moral authority to foster peace and understanding.