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🇹🇱 Timor-Leste: Politics & Democracy

Broadly yes — Timor-Leste scores 0.549 on the V-Dem liberal democracy index (0–1 scale), placing it among functioning democracies, though with weaker liberal safeguards than the top-ranked states.

Liberal democracy rank (2024)

#54 of 179

Score (0–1)

0.549

10-year change

+0.076

Full rankings →

Current leaders

José Ramos-Horta

Head of State · Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor

since 2022-05-20

Xanana Gusmão

Head of Government · Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor

since 2023-01-01

Democracy trend

0.00.51.019992024
Timor-Leste — V-Dem liberal democracy index, 1999–2024 (0–1 scale). Latest: 0.549 in 2024.

Upcoming elections

2027 East Timorese presidential election

2027-01-01T00:00:00Z

Voting alignment

Timor-Leste's closest UN General Assembly voting partners since 1946:

Frequently asked questions

Is Timor-Leste a democracy?

Broadly yes — Timor-Leste scores 0.549 on the V-Dem liberal democracy index (0–1 scale), placing it among functioning democracies, though with weaker liberal safeguards than the top-ranked states. It ranks #54 of 179 countries in 2024.

Is democracy in Timor-Leste improving or declining?

Timor-Leste's V-Dem liberal democracy score has improved by 0.076 points over the past decade, standing at 0.549 in 2024 (1-year change: +0.024).

Who leads Timor-Leste?

José Ramos-Horta is Timor-Leste's head of state (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor); Xanana Gusmão serves as head of government (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor).

When is the next election in Timor-Leste?

2027 East Timorese presidential election is scheduled for 2027-01-01T00:00:00Z.

More on Timor-Leste

Data source: Coppedge, Michael et al. 'V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15', Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project, https://www.v-dem.net, CC BY 4.0.