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Compulsory Voting

Countries that require citizens to vote, how enforcement works, and the debate over whether mandatory participation strengthens democracy.

Mandatory Participation

Approximately 25 countries have compulsory voting laws, though enforcement varies widely. Australia is the most prominent example: voting has been mandatory since 1924, turnout regularly exceeds 90 percent, and non-voters face a small fine (currently AUD 20). Belgium, Luxembourg, and several Latin American countries (including Brazil and Argentina) also have compulsory voting. In some countries, the law exists but is not enforced.

Australia's system is often cited as a model. Compulsory voting there is widely accepted: about 70 percent of Australians support it. The system is facilitated by weekend voting (elections are always on Saturday), extensive early and postal voting options, and the cultural expectation that voting is a civic duty comparable to jury service. The fine for non-compliance is low, and valid excuses are broadly accepted.

Compulsory Voting | Model Diplomat