Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

Measures taken to protect domestic industries from foreign companies selling products below cost to gain market share.

An anti-dumping duty is a tariff imposed on imports priced below fair market value to protect domestic industries from unfair competition.

Trade defense tools used to protect domestic industries from foreign companies selling products below market value.

Additional tariffs imposed to offset subsidies provided by foreign governments to their exporters, aiming to level the playing field.

A tariff imposed to offset subsidies provided by foreign governments to their exporters.

Trade policy actions, such as tariffs, imposed to offset subsidies provided by foreign governments to their exporters.

Measures the percentage increase in value added per unit of output due to tariffs on inputs and final goods, showing the true level of protection domestic industries receive.

The tariff rate that actually affects the cost of imported goods after considering the entire production process and inputs. It measures the real protection given to domestic industries by tariffs.

Illegal methods used to avoid tariffs, quotas, or sanctions, such as mislabeling goods or smuggling.

A government or quasi-government institution that provides financing and insurance to support domestic companies' exports.

Government financial support to domestic producers to make their exports more competitive internationally.

An economic strategy that emphasizes expanding exports to drive national economic development and increase GDP.

Government authorization required to bring certain goods into a country, often used as a trade barrier.

A government-imposed limit on the quantity or value of a specific good that can be imported during a given period.

An economic policy aimed at reducing foreign dependency by encouraging domestic production of goods previously imported.

An economic strategy that promotes domestic production of goods to replace imports and foster industrial growth.

A tax imposed by a government on goods brought into the country to protect domestic industries and generate revenue.

The justification for protecting new industries until they become competitive against established foreign firms.

Trade policy measures that temporarily shield new domestic industries from international competition to help them grow.

Trade principle requiring states to treat all WTO members equally regarding trade advantages and tariffs.

Regulatory or procedural restrictions that countries use to limit imports without applying tariffs, such as quotas or licensing requirements.

Policies and regulations other than tariffs that can restrict or promote trade, such as quotas, standards, licensing, and subsidies. They often have significant trade impact.

A limit on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported or exported during a specified period.

The method by which import or export quotas are distributed among countries or companies.

The economic profit earned by holders of import licenses when a quota limits supply and raises prices.

A temporary measure allowing countries to restrict imports of a product to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by a surge in imports. It is regulated under WTO rules.

A temporary tariff imposed to protect domestic industries from a sudden surge in imports causing or threatening serious injury.

Temporary trade restrictions imposed to protect domestic industries from sudden surges in imports causing serious injury.

Temporary trade barriers imposed to protect domestic industries from sudden surges in imports causing serious injury.

Financial assistance provided by governments to domestic industries to make their products more competitive internationally.

A tax imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries or raise government revenue.

Government programs that support workers and industries negatively affected by trade liberalization through retraining and financial aid.

Increase in trade efficiency and welfare when a trade agreement causes imports from more efficient producers.

Occurs when trade shifts from a more efficient exporter to a less efficient one due to a new trade agreement.

Measures that simplify and streamline international trade procedures to reduce costs and delays at borders.

Expenses associated with complying with trade procedures, including documentation, inspections, and delays at borders.

A composite measure evaluating countries on customs efficiency, infrastructure quality, and regulatory environment for trade.

Policies and procedures that simplify and expedite the movement, release, and clearance of goods across borders to reduce trade costs and delays.

The removal or reduction of trade barriers to encourage freer international exchange of goods and services.

Trade liberalization effects describe changes in economic growth, employment, and income distribution following tariff reductions.

Trade war occurs when countries impose retaliatory tariffs or barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries.

Policies that regulate foreign investment linked to trade, such as local content requirements or export performance rules.

A WTO agreement setting rules on investment measures that affect trade in goods among member countries.

An agreement where exporting countries limit the quantity of goods exported to another country voluntarily.