Diplomacy & Politics Glossary
Every term you need — from Model UN procedure to international law, economics, and political theory. Clear definitions, real examples, and cross-linked concepts.
2302 terms across 11 categories
Showing 52 terms matching your filters
A
5 termsAnchoring Bias
A cognitive bias where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.
Attribution Bias
The tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to their character while attributing one’s own actions to situational factors.
Attribution Error
The tendency to attribute others' actions to their character while attributing one's own actions to external factors.
Attribution Theory
Explains how individuals infer the causes of behaviors and events, affecting interpretation of information.
Availability Heuristic
A cognitive bias where people judge the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind, often leading to distorted perceptions of reality.
C
5 termsCialdini's Scarcity Principle
The scarcity principle states that people assign higher value to resources or opportunities that are perceived as limited or rare, enhancing persuasive influence.
Cognitive Bias
Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, leading individuals to make illogical decisions or inferences.
Cognitive Dissonance
The psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or when new information contradicts existing beliefs.
Cognitive Reframing
Altering the way information or situations are perceived to change emotional responses and behaviors in persuasion or conflict resolution.
Contrast Principle
A persuasion technique where presenting a less attractive option first makes the subsequent option appear more appealing.
D
2 termsDecisional Paralysis
Decisional paralysis occurs when an individual or group is unable to make a choice due to overwhelming options or fear of negative outcomes.
Double Bind
A communication dilemma where a person receives contradictory messages, making it impossible to respond appropriately, often complicating conflict resolution.
E
4 termsEmotional Contagion
Emotional contagion is the phenomenon where emotions spread between individuals, influencing group mood and behavior during interactions.
Emotional Hijacking
Emotional hijacking occurs when intense emotions override rational thinking, impairing judgment and effective communication.
Emotional Reasoning
A cognitive bias where people believe something is true based on emotional responses rather than objective evidence or logic.
Expressive Voting
Casting a vote to express support for a candidate or cause rather than to influence the election outcome.
F
3 termsFalse Memory
A psychological phenomenon where a person recalls something that did not happen or recalls it differently from the way it actually happened.
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
A persuasion strategy where agreement to a small request increases the likelihood of compliance with a larger subsequent request.
Framing Effect
The framing effect occurs when the way information is presented influences decision-making and judgments.
H
2 termsI
2 termsInformation Fatigue Syndrome
A state of mental overload and exhaustion caused by exposure to excessive amounts of information, reducing the ability to process and make decisions.
Information Overload
A state where excessive information makes it difficult to process or make decisions effectively.
L
2 termsLaddering Interview Technique
A method to uncover deeper motivations by progressively asking why behind answers in interviews.
Laddering Technique
An interviewing method to uncover underlying values or motivations by progressively exploring reasons behind responses.
M
3 termsMandela Effect
A phenomenon where groups of people remember events differently from historical records, named after Nelson Mandela due to false memories about his death.
Moral Licensing
The cognitive bias where past moral behavior makes individuals more likely to engage in unethical actions without feeling guilt.
Motivated Reasoning
Processing information in a biased way to support desired conclusions or beliefs.
N
4 termsNarrative Paradigm
The theory that humans understand and communicate through storytelling, shaping beliefs and decisions.
Negativity Bias
The tendency to focus more on negative information than positive, influencing perception and decision-making.
Nonverbal Leakage
Nonverbal leakage occurs when involuntary body language reveals true emotions despite verbal messages.
Nudge Theory
Using subtle policy shifts or design choices to influence people's behavior and decision-making in predictable ways.
P
8 termsPanic Buying
The sudden purchase of large quantities of goods caused by fear or misinformation spreading through media.
Peak-End Rule
A psychological heuristic where people judge experiences based on their most intense point and the ending, affecting audience perception.
Polarization
Polarization is the process by which parties in conflict adopt increasingly extreme positions, reducing the likelihood of compromise.
Primacy and Recency Effects in Persuasion
The tendency to better remember and be influenced by information presented first (primacy) or last (recency) in a sequence.
Priming
Exposure to a stimulus influences response to a subsequent related stimulus, affecting perception and decisions.
Priming Effect
Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus, affecting perception and behavior.
Projection Bias
Assuming others share the same beliefs, emotions, or preferences as oneself.
Public Speaking Anxiety
The fear or nervousness experienced before or during speaking in front of an audience.
R
1 termS
7 termsSelf-Fulfilling Prophecy
Self-fulfilling prophecy happens when expectations influence behaviors that cause the expected outcome to occur.
Social Identity Theory
A theory explaining how individuals derive part of their identity from group memberships, affecting intergroup relations and negotiation.
Social Loafing
Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort in group tasks, affecting coalition building and stakeholder engagement.
Social Penetration Theory
Social penetration theory describes how interpersonal relationships develop through gradual self-disclosure from superficial to intimate levels.
Social Proof
The influence of others' actions or opinions on an individual's beliefs or behaviors.
Social Proof Heuristic
A mental shortcut where people look to others’ behavior to determine appropriate actions or beliefs.
Speech Anxiety Reduction Techniques
Practical methods to decrease nervousness and improve confidence before and during public speaking engagements.