Diplomacy & Politics Glossary

Astroturfing is creating fake grassroots movements to disguise orchestrated campaigns as spontaneous public opinion.

When presented with evidence contradicting their beliefs, individuals may hold on to their original views even more strongly.

Selecting only evidence that supports a particular conclusion while ignoring evidence that contradicts it.

Content designed to attract attention and encourage clicks by using sensationalist or misleading headlines that do not accurately represent the content.

A group or organization that generates fake clicks or views to manipulate online metrics and popularity.

Selective editing of quotations to distort the original meaning and mislead the audience.

Information that is factually accurate but misleading due to omitted or altered context around it.

Selecting only data that supports a particular conclusion while ignoring data that contradicts it, leading to biased results.

Deliberate creation of false data or results in research or reporting to deceive audiences.

Deliberate manipulation or fabrication of data to mislead or support false conclusions.

The practice of manipulating or disguising data sources to make misleading or false information appear legitimate.

Techniques and tools used to identify manipulated videos or images generated by artificial intelligence.

Deliberately false or misleading information spread to deceive or manipulate audiences.

The process where one verified fact-check triggers a series of further verifications, creating a chain reaction that helps uncover widespread misinformation.

Assigning a statement, quote, or idea to an incorrect or fabricated source to mislead or manipulate the audience.

The confusion caused by the spread of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, blurring truth and falsehood.

Information echo occurs when repeated exposure to a message within a community reinforces beliefs regardless of accuracy.

Practices and habits aimed at maintaining accurate and reliable information consumption and sharing to prevent misinformation spread.

The process by which false or misleading information is made to appear credible by passing through trusted sources or platforms.

People who avoid mainstream information channels due to distrust and seek alternative, often less reliable, sources.

A situation where a lack of reliable information leads to speculation or the spread of rumors. It often occurs during crises or fast-moving events when official communication is absent or delayed.

A psychological approach where exposing people to weakened counterarguments strengthens their resistance to persuasion or misinformation.

Rapid and widespread dissemination of misinformation during a crisis or epidemic, causing public harm.

False or inaccurate information shared without intent to deceive.

A statistic presented in a way that deceives or manipulates interpretation, often by omitting context or using biased data.

Deliberately spreading fear or alarm through exaggerated or false information.

A statement that includes some facts but deliberately omits important details to mislead.

Information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

Methods used to influence public opinion by appealing to emotions, stereotypes, or misinformation.

False or misleading information that spreads rapidly through social media and online platforms.