--- title: "Critical Minerals — News & Analysis | Model Diplomat" description: "Browse 31 stories and expert analysis tagged Critical Minerals on Model Diplomat — diplomacy, politics, and global-affairs coverage for Model UN." url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/tag/critical-minerals" --- > For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://modeldiplomat.com/llms.txt). Skip to main content ## 31 Stories [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/us-dfc-invests-in-madagascar-rare-earths) ### [US DFC Invests in Madagascar Rare Earths](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/us-dfc-invests-in-madagascar-rare-earths) [US DFC commits $4.84 million to Harena Rare Earths' Ampasindava project in Madagascar, the first direct US government investment in a deposit that could break China's near-monopoly on heavy rare earths.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/us-dfc-invests-in-madagascar-rare-earths) [2026-07-22](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/us-dfc-invests-in-madagascar-rare-earths) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-supply-chain-ultimatum-for-defense) ### [Pentagon's Supply-Chain Ultimatum for Defense](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-supply-chain-ultimatum-for-defense) [Trump's July 20 executive order compels defense contractors to map critical mineral supply chains and qualify domestic sources by January 1, 2027, when a ban on Chinese-origin magnets takes effect. With one rare earth mine and one magnet factory, the Pentagon bets on forced compliance to build a domestic industry.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-supply-chain-ultimatum-for-defense) [2026-07-22](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-supply-chain-ultimatum-for-defense) [economics_markets](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-162-day-supply-chain-reckoning) ### [Pentagon's 162-Day Supply Chain Reckoning](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-162-day-supply-chain-reckoning) [Trump's July 20 executive order closes the waiver loophole for Chinese-origin critical materials in defense systems and mandates full supply chain mapping. With zero U.S. heavy rare earth separation capacity and $7.6 billion in investments yet to produce output, the January 1, 2027 deadline faces a steep compliance cliff.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-162-day-supply-chain-reckoning) [2026-07-22](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-162-day-supply-chain-reckoning) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/harenas-484m-dfc-deal-is-a-strategic-down) ### [Harena's $4.84M DFC Deal Is a Strategic Down](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/harenas-484m-dfc-deal-is-a-strategic-down) [The US DFC commits $4.84M to Harena Rare Earths' Madagascar project, signalling a strategic shift to secure critical mineral assets before China acquires them. The deal positions Washington as an anchor financier for one of the largest ionic clay heavy rare earth deposits outside China.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/harenas-484m-dfc-deal-is-a-strategic-down) [2026-07-22](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/harenas-484m-dfc-deal-is-a-strategic-down) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-critical-mineral-supply-crisis-deep) ### [IEA Warns Critical Mineral Supply Crisis Deep](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-critical-mineral-supply-crisis-deep) [IEA's 2026 Global Critical Minerals Outlook warns that export controls and price volatility are deterring private investment, deepening China's refining dominance and threatening $6.5 trillion in downstream production.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-critical-mineral-supply-crisis-deep) [2026-07-21](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-critical-mineral-supply-crisis-deep) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/g7-turns-latin-american-lithium-into-a-geop) ### [G7 Turns Latin American Lithium Into a Geop](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/g7-turns-latin-american-lithium-into-a-geop) [G7's binding 60% rare-earth diversification target by 2030 turns Latin America's lithium and copper into geopolitical chokepoints, pitting China's unconditional capital against Western conditional market access.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/g7-turns-latin-american-lithium-into-a-geop) [2026-07-21](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/g7-turns-latin-american-lithium-into-a-geop) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/forrest-bets-a190m-on-tungsten-before-us-ban) ### [Forrest Bets A$190M on Tungsten Before US Ban](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/forrest-bets-a190m-on-tungsten-before-us-ban) [Andrew Forrest invests A$190M in EQ Resources 164 days before a US defense ban on Chinese tungsten takes effect. China controls 80% of supply; the West has no domestic production.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/forrest-bets-a190m-on-tungsten-before-us-ban) [2026-07-21](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/forrest-bets-a190m-on-tungsten-before-us-ban) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/critical-mineral-supply-chains-more-concentr) ### [Critical Mineral Supply Chains More Concentr](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/critical-mineral-supply-chains-more-concentr) [IEA 2026 data shows top three refining nations control 86% of critical mineral processing, up from 82% in 2020. Low prices lock in China's dominance as Western diversification efforts lag.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/critical-mineral-supply-chains-more-concentr) [2026-07-21](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/critical-mineral-supply-chains-more-concentr) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/south-koreas-mongolian-mineral-bet-runs-into) ### [South Korea's Mongolian Mineral Bet Runs Into](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/south-koreas-mongolian-mineral-bet-runs-into) [South Korea signs trade pact with Mongolia for rare earths and copper, but 90% of exports must cross China or Russia — Beijing has already weaponized its rare earth monopoly.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/south-koreas-mongolian-mineral-bet-runs-into) [2026-07-20](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/south-koreas-mongolian-mineral-bet-runs-into) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/seouls-mongolian-mineral-bet-is-a-gamble) ### [Seoul's Mongolian Mineral Bet Is a Gamble](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/seouls-mongolian-mineral-bet-is-a-gamble) [South Korea signs a comprehensive economic partnership with Mongolia to secure critical minerals, relying on an air bridge over China to bypass the landlocked nation's transit vulnerability.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/seouls-mongolian-mineral-bet-is-a-gamble) [2026-07-20](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/seouls-mongolian-mineral-bet-is-a-gamble) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-mineral-supply-risks-deepen) ### [IEA Warns Mineral Supply Risks Deepen](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-mineral-supply-risks-deepen) [IEA 2026 outlook finds critical mineral supply chains more concentrated than ever, with investment down 9% and $6.5 trillion in downstream production at risk from China's export controls.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-mineral-supply-risks-deepen) [2026-07-19](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/iea-warns-mineral-supply-risks-deepen) [africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/congo-ships-first-lithium-beijing-wins-race) ### [Congo Ships First Lithium, Beijing Wins Race](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/congo-ships-first-lithium-beijing-wins-race) [Zijin Mining ships DRC's first lithium exports to China, locking in a first-mover advantage as U.S. legal and infrastructure efforts fail to deliver a single tonne of concentrate.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/congo-ships-first-lithium-beijing-wins-race) [2026-07-19](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/congo-ships-first-lithium-beijing-wins-race) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/chinas-rare-earth-strategy-shifts-to-co-opt) ### [China's Rare Earth Strategy Shifts to Co-Opt](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/chinas-rare-earth-strategy-shifts-to-co-opt) [China's rare earth strategy shifts from export bans to 'strategic co-option' in Malaysia and Indonesia, embedding technology and state-owned firms inside foreign processing hubs to control supply chains even as rivals build them.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/chinas-rare-earth-strategy-shifts-to-co-opt) [2026-07-19](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/chinas-rare-earth-strategy-shifts-to-co-opt) [africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/china-wins-the-lithium-race-at-manono) ### [China Wins the Lithium Race at Manono](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/china-wins-the-lithium-race-at-manono) [China's Zijin Mining ships first lithium concentrate from DRC's Manono deposit, winning a three-year legal and infrastructure race against Western rivals. The $1 billion bet on production over arbitration cements Beijing's control of Africa's largest hard-rock lithium deposit.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/china-wins-the-lithium-race-at-manono) [2026-07-19](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/china-wins-the-lithium-race-at-manono) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-minerals-midstream-gap) ### [India's Critical Minerals Midstream Gap](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-minerals-midstream-gap) [India holds 8% of global rare earth reserves yet imports 85-90% of magnets. An April 2025 Chinese export licensing shock halved Bajaj Auto production. Midstream processing remains the gap.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-minerals-midstream-gap) [2026-07-18](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-minerals-midstream-gap) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-100b-critical-minerals-loan-plan) ### [Pentagon's $100B Critical Minerals Loan Plan](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-100b-critical-minerals-loan-plan) [Pentagon launches $100B National Security Fund Finance program for critical minerals, routing loans through private funds. But $500M subsidy implies 0.5% default rate, far below DoD's own 9.97% rate.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-100b-critical-minerals-loan-plan) [2026-07-17](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pentagons-100b-critical-minerals-loan-plan) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-un-pitch-on-critical-minerals) ### [India's UN Pitch on Critical Minerals](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-un-pitch-on-critical-minerals) [India calls for resource sovereignty at the first UN High-Level Meeting on Critical Energy Transition Minerals, while racing through bilateral deals with the US and Brazil to build domestic capacity before China's dominance hardens.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-un-pitch-on-critical-minerals) [2026-07-17](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-un-pitch-on-critical-minerals) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-mineral-pledge-vs-chinas-g) ### [India's Critical Mineral Pledge vs China's G](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-mineral-pledge-vs-chinas-g) [India's 50% critical mineral self-sufficiency target by 2035 faces bottlenecks in processing technology, exploration depth, and auction participation, despite a strong policy scaffold.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-mineral-pledge-vs-chinas-g) [2026-07-17](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-critical-mineral-pledge-vs-chinas-g) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/first-fast-41-mine-clears-federal-exam) ### [First FAST-41 mine clears federal exam](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/first-fast-41-mine-clears-federal-exam) [South32's Hermosa project in Arizona receives Final Record of Decision under FAST-41, the first mining project to complete expedited federal review. The test: whether FAST-41's two-year litigation window and standing limits can shield the project from NEPA challenges that stalled Resolution Copper and Rosemont.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/first-fast-41-mine-clears-federal-exam) [2026-07-17](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/first-fast-41-mine-clears-federal-exam) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/un-minerals-plea-challenges-us-and-china) ### [UN Minerals Plea Challenges US and China](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/un-minerals-plea-challenges-us-and-china) [UN Secretary-General Guterres pushes voluntary critical minerals rules that challenge both the US FORGE trading bloc and China's refining monopoly, as Africa seeks to capture more value from its reserves.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/un-minerals-plea-challenges-us-and-china) [2026-07-16](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/un-minerals-plea-challenges-us-and-china) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/drc-tax-raid-threatens-us-9b-congo-minerals) ### [DRC Tax Raid Threatens US $9B Congo Minerals](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/drc-tax-raid-threatens-us-9b-congo-minerals) [DRC tax authorities seal Glencore's Kamoto offices over transfer-pricing dispute, threatening US-backed $9 billion critical minerals deal for 40% stake in copper-cobalt mines.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/drc-tax-raid-threatens-us-9b-congo-minerals) [2026-07-16](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/drc-tax-raid-threatens-us-9b-congo-minerals) [climate_energy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/alaskas-15m-bet-against-chinas-mineral-str) ### [Alaska's $15M bet against China's mineral str](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/alaskas-15m-bet-against-chinas-mineral-str) [NSF awards University of Alaska Fairbanks $15M to lead a Critical Mineral Accelerator targeting gallium and germanium, as the U.S. races to break China's near-monopoly on critical minerals.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/alaskas-15m-bet-against-chinas-mineral-str) [2026-07-16](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/alaskas-15m-bet-against-chinas-mineral-str) [africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/africas-green-century-runs-on-borrowed-wires) ### [Africa's green century runs on borrowed wires](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/africas-green-century-runs-on-borrowed-wires) [Africa holds 30% of critical minerals and 60% of best solar resources but receives just 2% of clean-energy investment. High borrowing costs, debt service, and extractive value chains lock the continent into exporting raw materials for others' green transition.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/africas-green-century-runs-on-borrowed-wires) [2026-07-16](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/africas-green-century-runs-on-borrowed-wires) [economics_markets](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pakistan-us-trade-talks-mask-scramble-for-cp) ### [Pakistan-US trade talks mask scramble for CP](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pakistan-us-trade-talks-mask-scramble-for-cp) [Pakistan and the US resume Reciprocal Trade Agreement talks as a July 24 tariff deadline looms. The real stakes are minerals, ports, and countering China's CPEC, not textiles.](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pakistan-us-trade-talks-mask-scramble-for-cp) [2026-07-10](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/pakistan-us-trade-talks-mask-scramble-for-cp)