---
title: "Utilitarianism Definition and Principles | Model Diplomat"
description: "Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that evaluates actions by their outcomes, aiming for the greatest happiness for the most people. Key for civil services."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/utilitarianism"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory holding that an action is right if it maximises aggregate happiness or well-being for the greatest number.
- How does utilitarianism differ from Kantian deontology?
- What is the difference between act and rule utilitarianism?
- Why is utilitarianism criticised on grounds of justice?
- How does Gandhi's view relate to utilitarianism?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory holding that an action is right if it maximises aggregate happiness or well-being for the greatest number.

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In 2013, India's Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act invoked utilitarian "public purpose" logic to justify displacement for infrastructure, while mandating consent and compensation to temper majority benefit against minority rights.

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