---
title: "State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale (1995) — Definition"
description: "State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale (1995) upheld convictions for untouchability over a borewell, reading Article 17 as a guarantee of human dignity."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/state-of-karnataka-v-appa-balu-ingale"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- State of Karnataka v.
- Appa Balu Ingale is a 1995 Supreme Court of India ruling upholding convictions under the Protection of Civil Rights Act for enforcing untouchability over access to drinking water.
- What constitutional provision was central to the Ingale judgment?
- Why is Justice K. Ramaswamy's opinion considered significant?
- How does Ingale differ from cases under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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Example

In 1995 the Supreme Court of India, in State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale, restored the convictions of villagers who had barred Scheduled Caste residents from drawing water from a borewell.

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