---
title: "Soil Erosion and Conservation: UPSC Notes | Model Diplomat"
description: "Soil erosion is the loss of topsoil to water and wind; conservation reverses it through contour bunding, terracing and afforestation. A GS1 geography essential."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/soil-erosion-and-conservation"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Soil erosion is the detachment and transport of topsoil by water, wind, or gravity, while soil conservation comprises the measures that arrest such loss and maintain land productivity.
- What are the main types of soil erosion relevant to Indian geography?
- How does soil erosion differ from desertification and soil degradation?
- Which conservation techniques are best suited to sloping and arid lands?
- What official programmes and bodies govern soil conservation in India?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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At UNCCD COP14, held at Greater Noida in September 2019, India pledged to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, framing soil conservation as central to its Land Degradation Neutrality commitment.

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