---
title: "Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right (India)"
description: "The right to privacy is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, affirmed unanimously in Puttaswamy (2017). See the test it created."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/right-to-privacy-as-fundamental-right"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- The right to privacy is a constitutionally protected fundamental right in India, recognised as intrinsic to the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.
- Which Supreme Court judgment established the right to privacy as fundamental in India?
- What test must the state satisfy to restrict the right to privacy?
- How does the right to privacy differ from data protection?
- Did the privacy ruling affect Aadhaar?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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Example

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, a nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India unanimously held on 24 August 2017 that the right to privacy is a fundamental right under Article 21.

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