---
title: "Kalapani Territory Dispute: India–Nepal Explained"
description: "The Kalapani territory dispute involves India and Nepal over 372 sq km, rooted in differing interpretations of the 1816 Sugauli Treaty."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/kalapani-territory-dispute"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- The Kalapani territory dispute is a boundary disagreement between India and Nepal over roughly 372 square kilometres around Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura in the Himalayan trijunction with China.
- What legal instrument underpins the Kalapani dispute?
- Why is Kalapani strategically important beyond its size?
- How does Kalapani differ from the Susta dispute?
- Has any mechanism been agreed to resolve Kalapani?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 2 December 1815

   The Kalapani territory dispute turns on the interpretation of the Treaty of Sugauli, signed on and ratified on 4 March 1816 after the Anglo-Nepalese War.

2. 4 March 1816

   The Kalapani territory dispute turns on the interpretation of the Treaty of Sugauli, signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified on after the Anglo-Nepalese War.

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Example

In June 2020, Nepal's House of Representatives approved a constitutional amendment redrawing the national map to include Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura, after India opened a road to the Lipulekh pass in May 2020.

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