---
title: "K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) — Definition"
description: "K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) declared privacy a fundamental right under Article 21, overruling two prior benches in a unanimous nine-judge verdict."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/k-s-puttaswamy-case"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- K.
- S.
- Did the 2017 Puttaswamy judgment decide the validity of Aadhaar?
- Which earlier precedents did Puttaswamy overrule?
- What is the proportionality test established by the judgment?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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In 2018, the Supreme Court relied on its 2017 Puttaswamy privacy ruling to decriminalise consensual same-sex relations in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, reading down Section 377 of the IPC.

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