---
title: "Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM): Banned Terror Group | Model Diplomat"
description: "Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) is a Pakistan-based militant group behind the 2019 Pulwama and 2001 Parliament attacks, UN-designated since 2001 and banned by India."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/jaish-e-mohammed"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Jaish-e-Mohammed is a Pakistan-based Islamist militant group founded in 2000 that conducts armed attacks against Indian security forces and targets in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Why was Masood Azhar's UN designation delayed until 2019?
- How does Jaish-e-Mohammed differ from Lashkar-e-Taiba?
- What legal instruments proscribe Jaish-e-Mohammed?
- How is JeM linked to the FATF grey-listing of Pakistan?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 13 December 2001

   It claimed the assault on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, which killed nine and brought the two nuclear-armed states to the brink of war during the 2001…

2. 14 February 2019

   Its most significant recent operation was the Pulwama suicide bombing on the Jammu–Srinagar highway, in which a vehicle-borne device killed 40 Central Reser…

3. 26 February 2019

   Its most significant recent operation was the 14 February 2019 Pulwama suicide bombing on the Jammu–Srinagar highway, in which a vehicle-borne device killed…

4. 1 May 2019

   The listing of Masood Azhar personally as a UN-designated individual was, however, blocked for years by China through technical holds in the 1267 Committee—o…

## Positions at a glance

### Supporters

Jaish-e-Mohammed ("Army of Muhammad," abbreviated JeM) is a Deobandi Islamist militant organisation founded in late January–February 2000 by Masood Azhar in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, shortly after his release from Indian custody in exchange for the 155 hostages aboard the hijacked Indian Airlines Flight IC-814, flown to Kandahar in December 1999. Azhar, previously a senior figure in Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, built JeM with reported support from elements of Pakistan's intelligence apparatus and ideological backing from Deobandi clerical networks. The group's stated objective is the separation of Jammu and Kashmir from India and its accession to Pakistan, framed within a broader pan-Islamist agenda that has at times extended rhetorical hostility to Western and Shia targets. Its organisational lineage links it to the Afghan jihad of the 1980s and to the wider constellation of Pakistan-based groups that emerged after the Soviet withdrawal.

### Opponents

Beyond direct attacks, JeM maintains a propaganda and indoctrination infrastructure, publishing periodicals and running seminaries that double as recruitment and fundraising channels. Following bans, the group has repeatedly reconstituted under aliases and front organisations—names such as Al-Rehmat Trust and Afzal Guru Squad have been associated with its activities—to evade asset freezes and proscription. The relationship between JeM and the Pakistani state has been a persistent point of contention: Pakistan formally banned the organisation in 2002, yet Indian, US, and Financial Action Task Force assessments have repeatedly questioned the seriousness and durability of enforcement against its leadership and infrastructure.

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Example

India launched airstrikes near Balakot, Pakistan, on 26 February 2019, twelve days after a Jaish-e-Mohammed suicide bomber killed 40 CRPF personnel in the Pulwama attack on the Jammu–Srinagar highway.

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