---
title: "Convention of Peking Definition | Model Diplomat"
description: "The Convention of Peking is a set of treaties from 1860 between Qing China and Western powers, crucial for understanding China's foreign relations history."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/convention-of-peking"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- The Convention of Peking is a set of three treaties signed in 1860 between Qing China and Britain, France, and Russia, ratifying the Treaty of Tientsin and expanding foreign privileges.
- What territory did Britain gain under the Convention of Peking?
- How did Russia benefit from the Convention of Peking?
- How does the Convention of Peking relate to the Treaty of Tientsin?
- Why is the Convention of Peking significant for Hong Kong's history?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 18 October 1860

   After Anglo-French forces captured Beijing and burned the Yuanmingyuan (Old Summer Palace) on , Prince Gong (Yixin), acting for the fugitive Xianfeng Emperor…

2. 1 July 1997

   The Kowloon cession of 1860, together with the 1842 cession of Hong Kong Island and the 1898 lease of the New Territories, formed the territorial basis of Br…

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Example

In November 1860, Russian envoy Nikolay Ignatyev signed the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking, securing for the Tsar Outer Manchuria east of the Ussuri River — including the site of Vladivostok — without firing a shot.

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