---
title: "Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Explained | Model Diplomat"
description: "The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a 2000 treaty that regulates the transboundary movement of living modified organisms, crucial for global biodiversity."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/cartagena-protocol-on-biosafety"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a 2000 treaty under the Convention on Biological Diversity governing transboundary movement of living modified organisms.
- What is the difference between the Cartagena Protocol and the Nagoya Protocol?
- Why is the United States not bound by the Cartagena Protocol?
- What is the Advance Informed Agreement procedure?
- Does the Cartagena Protocol cover GM food and feed shipments?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 29 January 2000

   The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in Montréal on and entering into f…

2. 11 September 2003

   The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in Montréal on 29 January 2000 and…

3. 17 January 2003

   India ratified the Protocol on , and it implements obligations through the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the 1989 Rules for the Manufacture, Use, Im…

4. 15 October 2010

   The Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress, adopted on and entering into force on 5 March 2018, addresses response measures for…

5. 5 March 2018

   The Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress, adopted on 15 October 2010 and entering into force on , addresses response measures…

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Example

India's Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee invoked Cartagena Protocol risk-assessment standards when it cleared genetically modified mustard (DMH-11) for environmental release in October 2022, a decision later contested before the Supreme Court of India.

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