---
title: "Birsa Munda: Ulgulan Tribal Revolt Leader | Model Diplomat"
description: "Birsa Munda led the 1899-1900 Munda Ulgulan against British rule in Chotanagpur. A key UPSC GS1 figure whose revolt shaped the 1908 Chotanagpur Tenancy Act."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/birsa-munda"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Birsa Munda was a tribal leader and folk hero who led the Munda Ulgulan revolt against British colonial rule in the Chotanagpur region between 1899 and 1900.
- What was the Ulgulan and when did it occur?
- What legislative outcome did Birsa Munda's revolt produce?
- How does the Ulgulan differ from the Santhal Hool?
- Why is Birsa Munda significant for UPSC General Studies?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 24 December 1899

   On , Birsa's followers launched coordinated attacks across the region—targeting police stations, churches, and the residences of landlords and government off…

2. 3 February 1900

   Birsa evaded capture for weeks but was betrayed and arrested in the Jamkopai forest of Chakradharpur on .

3. 9 June 1900

   He died in Ranchi jail on , the official cause recorded as cholera, though many adherents disputed the explanation.

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In 2021 the Government of India designated 15 November, Birsa Munda's birth anniversary, as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, inaugurating a national museum at Ranchi to commemorate tribal freedom fighters.

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