---
title: "Article 352: National Emergency in India | Model Diplomat"
description: "Article 352 allows India's President to declare a National Emergency during threats like war or rebellion, crucial for Model UN and policy research."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/article-352-national-emergency"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Article 352 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a National Emergency when the security of India is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
- What changed in Article 352 after the 44th Amendment of 1978?
- How does Article 352 differ from President's Rule under Article 356?
- Can a Proclamation of National Emergency be challenged in court?
- Which fundamental rights survive a National Emergency?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 26 November 1949

   The article forms part of the original Constitution adopted on and drew its conceptual inheritance from the Government of India Act, 1935, and the wartime e…

2. 26 October 1962

   The first, on , followed the Chinese aggression across the Himalayan frontier and remained in force until January 1968.

3. 3 December 1971

   The second, on , accompanied the war with Pakistan that produced the liberation of Bangladesh.

4. 25 June 1975

   The third — and the most consequential for constitutional history — was proclaimed on by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the advice of Prime Minister Indi…

5. 21 March 1977

   That Emergency, lasting until , suspended elections, detained opposition leaders under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act, and imposed press censorship.

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Example

On 25 June 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed proclaimed a National Emergency under Article 352 on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, citing "internal disturbance," suspending elections and detaining opposition leaders until March 1977.

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