---
title: "Article 301: Freedom of Trade and Commerce | Model Diplomat"
description: "Article 301 ensures freedom of trade and commerce across India, vital for understanding economic rights in the Indian Constitution."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/article-301-freedom-of-trade-and-commerce"
---

[New](https://modeldiplomat.com/)

#

Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Article 301 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India, subject to other provisions in Part XIII.
- What is the difference between Article 301 and Article 19(1)(g)?
- Can a state impose taxes on goods imported from other states?
- What did the Jindal Stainless case change about Article 301?
- How does GST affect Article 301 litigation?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

Go beyond the definition

## Research Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse like a delegate

Model Diplomat's AI drafts position papers, speeches, and country research with real sources — built for MUN and politics students.

## Research it like a delegate

Research on modeldiplomat.com

## Ask a follow-up about Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse

Open a cited briefing in Model Diplomat search — timelines, positions, and sources you can use in committee or exam answers.

[Start research on Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse](https://modeldiplomat.com/search?q=Explain%20Article%20301%20Freedom%20of%20Trade%2C%20Commerce%20and%20Intercourse%20%E2%80%94%20key%20dates%2C%20actors%2C%20positions%2C%20and%20sources)

Example

In November 2016, a nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India in Jindal Stainless Ltd. v. State of Haryana upheld state entry taxes under Article 301, overruling the long-standing compensatory tax doctrine of Automobile Transport (1962).

Keep learning

## Go deeper than the definition

[Explore all Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams lessons](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services)[Test yourself with a quiz](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/quiz/civil-services)

## Take Article 301 Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse beyond the glossary

Ask the AI research engine built for diplomacy — get briefings, position papers, and speeches with sources you can cite in committee.