---
title: "Article 19(1)(a): Freedom of Speech in India"
description: "Article 19(1)(a) ensures Indian citizens' freedom of speech and expression, vital for UPSC GS2 and polity preparation, with reasonable restrictions."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/article-19-1-a-freedom-of-speech"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India guarantees all citizens the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression, subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2).
- Is freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) an absolute right?
- Does Article 19(1)(a) protect the freedom of the press separately?
- Can the State shut down the internet under Article 19(1)(a)?
- How does Article 19(1)(a) differ from the right to assemble under Article 19(1)(b)?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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Example

In Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015), the Supreme Court struck down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act as violating Article 19(1)(a), holding it vague and chilling lawful online speech.

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