---
title: "Article 123: Ordinance-Making Power Explained"
description: "Article 123 allows India's President to issue ordinances with the force of law when Parliament is not in session, impacting governance and legislation."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/article-123-ordinance-making-power-of-president"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Article 123 of the Constitution of India empowers the President to promulgate ordinances with the force of law when Parliament is not in session.
- How long does an ordinance issued under Article 123 remain in force?
- Can the President's satisfaction under Article 123 be challenged in court?
- Is re-promulgating an ordinance constitutional?
- How does Article 123 differ from Article 213?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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In June 2020 the Government of India used Article 123 to promulgate three farm ordinances, including the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce Ordinance, which were enacted into law that September and repealed in November 2021.

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