---
title: "Adopted and Authenticated Text Definition | Model Diplomat"
description: "Adopted and authenticated text refers to treaty-making stages in the Vienna Convention. Key for diplomats and civil service exam candidates."
url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/glossary/adopted-and-authenticated-text"
---

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Model Diplomat Research Team · Last reviewed June 22, 2026

TL;DR

- Adoption and authentication are the successive treaty-making stages, under Articles 9 and 10 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), by which a negotiated text is fixed in its final, definitive form.
- Which articles of the VCLT govern adoption and authentication?
- Does authentication of a treaty text create binding obligations?
- How is a treaty text authenticated under Article 10?
- What is the difference between adoption and authentication?

[Civil Service & Diplomatic Exams](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/civil-services/glossary)Updated June 22, 2026

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## Timeline

1. 23 May 1969

   They are codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), opened for signature on and in force from 27 January 1980.

2. 27 January 1980

   They are codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), opened for signature on 23 May 1969 and in force from .

3. 17 July 1998

   The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted at the Rome Conference on by a recorded vote of 120 to 7, with the authenticated text depos…

4. 12 December 2015

   The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted on and opened for signature at New York on 22 April 2016, its text authentic in the six UN languages.

5. 22 April 2016

   The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted on 12 December 2015 and opened for signature at New York on , its text authentic in the six UN languages.

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Example

At the Rome Conference on 17 July 1998, States adopted the Statute of the International Criminal Court by a vote of 120 to 7 and authenticated the text for deposit with the UN Secretary-General.

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