--- title: "Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference 2027 — Budapest" description: "14th Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference (European Edition) is a professional conference in Budapest, Hungary, Jan 13–15, 2027." url: "https://modeldiplomat.com/conferences/professional/14th-interpretive-policy-analysis-conference-european-edition-2027" --- # 14th Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference (European Edition) Jan 13–15, 2027[Budapest, Hungary](https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1\&query=Budapest%2C%20Hungary)In-person [Registration open](https://democracyinstitute.ceu.edu/articles/di-ipa2027) The 14th Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference – European Edition is an academic gathering focused on the interpretive turn in policy studies. Hosted in Budapest, HUN, this conference provides a forum for scholars to engage with diverse theoretical and methodological approaches to policy analysis. The event emphasizes understanding policy processes through the lenses of meaning-making, discourse, and social construction. Participants will explore how interpretive methodologies can illuminate the complexities of policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation, offering insights beyond traditional positivist approaches. The conference aims to foster critical dialogue and advance the field of interpretive policy analysis within a European context. ## Committees & topics - Topics Averting Planetary Destruction and Developing a Sustainable World · Exposing and Reducing Intersectional Inequalities and Injustices · Building Democratic Capabilities Against Authoritarian Politics and Digital Technologies · When Democracy Strains: Rethinking Conflict and Collaboration in Turbulent Times · Knowledge, Emotion, and the Politics of What Counts as Truth · Restoring the Social Fabric and Transforming Governance Systems in Times of Societal Division · Recognising and Strengthening the Nature, Diversity, and Impact of Critical-Interpretive Research, Including Co-Producing Change · Teaching and Learning Critical-Interpretive Research Across Diverse Contexts ## Why it matters This conference is significant for several reasons. First, it underscores the growing recognition of interpretive approaches in understanding public policy, moving beyond purely quantitative or rational choice models. By focusing on how actors interpret and give meaning to policies, the conference addresses the subjective and cultural dimensions that often shape policy outcomes. Second, the European edition provides a crucial regional focus, allowing for discussions on policy challenges and interpretive insights specific to the European political and social landscape. This localized perspective is vital for developing nuanced understandings of policy dynamics within the continent. Finally, the event serves as a platform for networking and collaboration among researchers, fostering a community dedicated to advancing interpretive policy analysis and applying its insights to contemporary governance issues. ## How to prepare For those preparing to engage with the themes of the 14th Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference, a strong understanding of various interpretive methodologies is essential. Familiarity with concepts such as discourse analysis, narrative analysis, and frame analysis will be particularly beneficial. Consider how these approaches differ from and complement more traditional policy analysis methods. Reviewing case studies that apply interpretive lenses to policy issues within Europe can provide valuable context. Think about how cultural, historical, and political specificities of the region might influence policy interpretation and implementation. Additionally, exploring the works of key scholars in interpretive policy analysis will deepen your engagement with the conference's core themes. Consider how different theoretical perspectives, such as those discussed in the "[Dynamic Analysis](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/lessons/dynamic-analysis)" lesson, can be applied to policy contexts. Understanding "What Is Stakeholder Mapping?" and the concept of "Hidden Stakeholders" can also provide a practical framework for analyzing the various actors and their interpretations within policy processes. ## Country perspectives Where the most-relevant 1 countries stand on the core issues in play. Click through for the full country profile. [Hungary](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [As the host nation, Hungary provides a unique backdrop for discussions on interpretive policy analysis, particularly concerning democratic transitions and challenges.](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [Role in topic](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [Hungary's recent political trajectory and its position within the European Union offer a rich case study for examining policy interpretation in contexts of democratic backsliding and shifting governance paradigms. The host institution's location in Budapest facilitates a focus on Central and Eastern European perspectives within the broader interpretive policy analysis discourse.](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) ## Topics & background The background behind each topic and the actors that shape it. 1 ### Averting Planetary Destruction and Developing a Sustainable World The contemporary sustainability crisis is the cumulative product of two centuries of fossil-fuel-based industrialisation, post-war mass consumption, and a global economic order premised on continuous growth. Scientific consensus, codified through successive IPCC assessment cycles since 1990, has established that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving warming, biodiversity collapse, ocean acidification, and the transgression of multiple planetary boundaries identified by Stockholm Resilience Centre researchers. The 1992 Rio Earth Summit, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework form the principal multilateral architecture, yet implementation has consistently lagged ambition. The core dispute centres on the distribution of responsibility and cost. Developing states invoke 'common but differentiated responsibilities' to demand finance, technology transfer, and loss-and-damage compensation from historic emitters, while industrialised states resist binding obligations and emphasise emerging-economy emissions, particularly from China and India. COP28 in Dubai produced the first explicit call to transition away from fossil fuels, but COP29 in Baku exposed deep north–south fractures over the New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance, ultimately set at USD 300 billion annually by 2035 — far below the trillions developing states sought. Today the debate has shifted from whether to act to how to govern a contested transition: managing stranded assets, critical mineral supply chains, carbon border adjustments, just transition for fossil-fuel-dependent workers, and the role of interpretive policy analysis in surfacing whose knowledge and values shape 'sustainability' itself. Key players - [China](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) [World's largest emitter and dominant manufacturer of clean-energy technologies](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Largest historical emitter; climate policy oscillates with electoral cycles](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [India](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) [Leading voice for developing-country equity and climate finance](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [EU climate policy anchor and major contributor to international climate finance](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [Brazil](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Custodian of the Amazon and host of COP30; bridges Global South negotiating blocs](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) - [Saudi Arabia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/saudi-arabia) [OPEC heavyweight resisting binding fossil-fuel phase-out language](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/saudi-arabia) 2 ### Exposing and Reducing Intersectional Inequalities and Injustices The concept of intersectionality, articulated by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, has become a central analytical lens for understanding how race, gender, class, disability, sexuality, migration status, and other axes of identity compound disadvantage. Its policy uptake has been uneven: while the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action, the 2001 Durban Declaration against racism, and the UN 2030 Agenda's pledge to 'leave no one behind' embed equality commitments, structural inequalities have widened in many regions since the 2008 financial crisis and were further exposed by the asymmetric impacts of COVID-19. The core dispute concerns both diagnosis and remedy. Some governments and scholars argue inequality is best addressed through universal social policy and economic redistribution; others insist that without targeted measures attentive to intersecting identities, universalism reproduces existing hierarchies. The rise of 'anti-woke' political movements in the United States, United Kingdom, Hungary, and elsewhere has politicised diversity, equity, and inclusion frameworks, while feminist foreign policies adopted by Sweden (until 2022), Canada, Mexico, Germany, and others have sought to mainstream gender and intersectional analysis into diplomacy and development. Current debates focus on data disaggregation, reparative justice claims (including for slavery and colonialism), backlash against gender and LGBTQ+ rights, the racialised dimensions of climate vulnerability, and how interpretive research can make visible the lived experience of those whom aggregate indicators obscure. Key players - [South Africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) [Pioneer of post-apartheid equality jurisprudence and Durban process host](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Origin of intersectional theory; battleground over DEI and civil rights rollback](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [Sweden](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/sweden) [Former architect of feminist foreign policy and welfare-state equality model](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/sweden) - [Brazil](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Leader on Afro-descendant and Indigenous rights agendas in the Global South](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) - [India](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) [Caste, gender, and religious inequality at vast scale; contested affirmative action](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) - [Canada](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) [Champion of intersectional 'GBA Plus' policy analysis and Indigenous reconciliation](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) 3 ### Building Democratic Capabilities Against Authoritarian Politics and Digital Technologies Democratic backsliding has been documented since the mid-2000s by V-Dem, Freedom House, and the IDEA Global State of Democracy reports, which now classify more of the world's population as living under autocratising than democratising regimes. The trend combines classic illiberal moves — judicial capture, media consolidation, civil society restriction — with novel digital instruments: algorithmic amplification of polarising content, micro-targeted political advertising, state-aligned disinformation operations exposed in cases from Russia's Internet Research Agency to coordinated campaigns documented around elections in the Philippines, Brazil, and the United States. The core dispute pits competing visions of digital sovereignty and platform governance. The European Union's Digital Services Act and AI Act advance a rights-based regulatory model; the United States has historically prioritised First Amendment protections and platform self-regulation; China and Russia promote 'cyber sovereignty' enabling state control; and many Global South states navigate between these poles while confronting platforms headquartered abroad. Generative AI, deepfakes, and the 2024 'super-cycle' of elections intensified concerns about synthetic media and foreign interference. The question before scholars and policymakers is how to build civic, institutional, and technological capabilities — media literacy, independent electoral bodies, interoperable platforms, protected encryption, whistleblower channels — that strengthen democratic resilience without replicating the surveillance architectures of the regimes they oppose. Key players - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Home of dominant platforms; polarised democracy under stress-test](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Driver of EU digital regulation and democratic resilience funding](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [Hungary](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [Emblematic case of EU-internal illiberal consolidation](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) - [Russia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/russia) [State sponsor of cross-border disinformation operations](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/russia) - [China](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) [Exporter of surveillance technologies and the 'cyber sovereignty' model](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) - [Brazil](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Test case for platform regulation, judicial-electoral defence, and post-coup attempt recovery](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) 4 ### When Democracy Strains: Rethinking Conflict and Collaboration in Turbulent Times Across consolidated and emerging democracies alike, polarisation, distrust of institutions, and the fragmentation of public spheres have produced what scholars increasingly call a 'democratic recession'. Pippa Norris, Yascha Mounk, and others link the strain to economic dislocation since 2008, cultural backlash against rapid social change, the displacement of mass parties by personalised movements, and the procedural exhaustion of consensus-based policymaking on issues such as migration, climate, and identity. The core question is whether intensified conflict is symptomatic of democratic decline or a legitimate feature of pluralist politics that institutions must learn to channel. Agonistic democratic theorists, following Chantal Mouffe, argue that suppressing conflict in the name of technocratic consensus fuels populist revolt; deliberative democrats counter with experiments in citizens' assemblies, deployed on abortion in Ireland, climate in France and the UK, and constitutional reform in Iceland and Chile, that have shown capacity to produce reasoned agreement on divisive issues. Contemporary practice is searching for hybrid forms: mini-publics linked to legislatures, participatory budgeting, co-production with affected communities, and conflict-transformation methods drawn from peacebuilding. The interpretive policy analysis tradition contributes by examining how framings of 'conflict' and 'consensus' themselves shape what collaboration becomes possible. Key players - [Ireland](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/ireland) [Pioneer of citizens' assemblies on contested constitutional questions](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/ireland) - [France](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) [Citizens' Convention on Climate and ongoing pension and identity polarisation](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Acute partisan polarisation testing presidential-system resilience](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Coalition governance under pressure from AfD rise and federal fragmentation](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [Chile](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/chile) [Twice-rejected constitutional processes following the 2019 social uprising](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/chile) - [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Post-Brexit experimentation with deliberative formats amid majoritarian strain](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) 5 ### Knowledge, Emotion, and the Politics of What Counts as Truth Concerns about a 'post-truth' politics, named Oxford word of the year in 2016, predate the term: science and technology studies scholars from Bruno Latour to Sheila Jasanoff have long argued that authoritative knowledge is co-produced with social order, and that claims to neutral, value-free expertise have always been politically situated. The COVID-19 pandemic, climate denial, vaccine controversies, and contested election results have nonetheless sharpened public attention to how facts, expertise, emotion, and identity interact in shaping policy legitimacy. The core dispute is whether the appropriate response is a reassertion of expert authority and fact-checking infrastructure, or a more reflexive politics that acknowledges the affective and interpretive dimensions of all knowledge claims, including those of experts. Affect theorists and feminist epistemologists argue that dismissing public emotion as irrationality misreads the legitimate grievances animating distrust; risk communication scholars caution that emotion-blind technocracy fuels backlash. Meanwhile, generative AI threatens to industrialise the production of plausible-sounding falsehoods, while well-funded denial industries continue to manufacture doubt on climate, tobacco-style. The policy field is now contending with how to design institutions — public service media, science advisory bodies, participatory technology assessment, transparency regimes — that can hold space for both rigorous evidence and the emotional, ethical, and contextual dimensions of contested issues. Key players - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Epicentre of contested expertise, partisan media ecosystems, and AI development](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Host of Royal Society and SAGE; high-profile expertise–politics tensions since Brexit and COVID](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) - [Netherlands](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) [Strong tradition of interpretive policy analysis and participatory technology assessment](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) - [Brazil](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Post-Bolsonaro reckoning with science denial on health and the Amazon](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Robust public broadcasting and ethics-council model for science–society dialogue](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [India](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) [Vast information ecosystem grappling with platform-driven rumour and majoritarian framings](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) 6 ### Restoring the Social Fabric and Transforming Governance Systems in Times of Societal Division Social cohesion indicators tracked by the OECD, Bertelsmann Stiftung, and Edelman Trust Barometer have declined across many democracies since the global financial crisis, with sharp drops registered after the COVID-19 pandemic. Drivers include rising inequality, residential and educational segregation, the hollowing out of intermediary civic institutions (unions, religious congregations, local press), housing crises, and the migration of public discourse onto attention-maximising platforms. Robert Putnam's 'bowling alone' thesis has been complicated by newer work emphasising structural inequality and place-based decline ('left-behind' regions in the UK, France, and the US Rust Belt). The core debate concerns whether repair is primarily a matter of economic redistribution and regional investment, of cultural and identity-based recognition, of institutional redesign (federalism, subsidiarity, participatory governance), or of relational and community-building work at neighbourhood scale. New Zealand's wellbeing budgets, Wales's Future Generations Act, Bhutan's Gross National Happiness, and the EU's Conference on the Future of Europe each represent distinct experiments in reorienting governance toward cohesion and long-term welfare. The contemporary question is how governance systems can be transformed to repair trust without papering over legitimate grievances, integrating co-production, mission-oriented policy (Mariana Mazzucato), and care-economy investment alongside traditional macroeconomic and security frames. Key players - [New Zealand](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/new-zealand) [Wellbeing budget pioneer integrating cohesion into fiscal policy](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/new-zealand) - [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Devolution debates and 'levelling up' agenda confronting regional inequality](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) - [France](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) [Yellow Vests, banlieue tensions, and renewed focus on territorial cohesion](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [East–west divides and integration of refugee populations stress-testing social model](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [Canada](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) [Reconciliation with Indigenous peoples as governance transformation](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) - [South Africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) [Post-apartheid social compact under strain from inequality and state capacity gaps](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) 7 ### Recognising and Strengthening the Nature, Diversity, and Impact of Critical-Interpretive Research, Including Co-Producing Change Critical-interpretive policy research traces its lineage to the 'argumentative turn' of the 1990s, associated with Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, and Dvora Yanow, which challenged the positivist assumptions of mainstream policy analysis. Drawing on hermeneutics, discourse analysis, ethnography, and post-structural theory, it foregrounds meaning-making, framing, and power in policy processes. Over three decades the tradition has diversified to include decolonial, feminist, queer, disability, and Indigenous methodologies, as well as practice-based, narrative, and arts-based inquiry. The core dispute concerns recognition and impact within research ecosystems still dominated by quantitative metrics, randomised controlled trials, and 'what works' evidence hierarchies. Funders and assessment regimes — REF in the UK, ANVUR in Italy, ERC programmes, Horizon Europe missions — increasingly demand demonstrable impact, which can both legitimise engaged scholarship and constrain its critical edge. Co-production with affected communities raises further questions about authorship, accountability, intellectual property, and the risk of extractive 'participation-washing'. The field is now consolidating shared standards for rigour in interpretive work, building infrastructure for co-produced knowledge (community advisory boards, ethics frameworks beyond IRB compliance, open methods repositories), and contesting the institutional conditions under which critical research can flourish without losing its critical purchase. Key players - [Netherlands](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) [Long-standing hub for interpretive policy analysis and transition research](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) - [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [REF impact agenda shaping incentives for engaged and co-produced research](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Origin of the argumentative turn; contested funding environment for critical inquiry](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Strong tradition of critical theory and large-scale transformative research programmes](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) - [Australia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/australia) [Indigenous methodologies and co-production frameworks in policy research](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/australia) - [Canada](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) [Tri-Council guidelines on community-based and Indigenous research ethics](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) 8 ### Teaching and Learning Critical-Interpretive Research Across Diverse Contexts Pedagogy in critical-interpretive policy analysis confronts a structural mismatch: while public administration, policy, and political science curricula remain heavily oriented toward quantitative methods, cost-benefit analysis, and rational-choice frameworks, students increasingly encounter wicked problems — climate, migration, AI governance, pandemics — that demand interpretive, reflexive, and ethically attuned approaches. Programmes in the Netherlands, the UK, Scandinavia, and parts of North America have built dedicated interpretive methods training, but globally such offerings remain uneven and often marginal. The core challenges are pedagogical and political. Pedagogically, teaching reflexivity, positionality, and embodied research practice requires small-group, dialogic formats that sit awkwardly with mass-lecture and online-scaling imperatives. Politically, in contexts including Hungary (Central European University's forced relocation), the United States ('anti-woke' legislation restricting curricula), Turkey, and India, critical scholarship faces explicit institutional pressure. In Global South contexts, debates over decolonising the curriculum — catalysed by South Africa's #RhodesMustFall movement — intersect with critical-interpretive pedagogy's commitments to plural epistemologies. Current practice is experimenting with case-based teaching, role-play and simulation, fieldwork-intensive courses, community placements, and reflective portfolios, while building transnational networks (IPA conference, ECPR standing groups, regional summer schools) that allow students and early-career scholars to develop craft across diverse institutional settings. Key players - [Netherlands](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) [Established interpretive methods curricula and summer schools](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) - [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Major training hub with active critical policy studies networks](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) - [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Diverse programmes amid rising state-level curricular restrictions](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) - [South Africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) [Decolonisation-of-the-curriculum movement shaping critical pedagogy globally](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) - [Hungary](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [Cautionary case of academic freedom restrictions affecting critical scholarship](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) - [Austria](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/austria) [Vienna-based interpretive research and policy-analysis teaching traditions](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/austria) ## Resources News, lessons, and country profiles to prep for 14th Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference (European Edition). Recent reporting to ground your prep [Rahul Gandhi Defends Tamil Nadu's Autonomy](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/rahul-gandhis-stand-against-131st-amendment-bill-in-tamil-nadu) [India's 131st Amendment Bill](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/indias-131st-amendment-bill-womens-reservation-for-2029-elections) [Ken Martin's DNC Autopsy Reveals Party Strugg](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/ken-martins-dnc-autopsy-fight-exposes-party-weakness) [DNC Autopsy Reveals Democrats' 2024 Failures](https://modeldiplomat.com/story/dnc-autopsy-exposes-democrats-2024-blame-game) Lessons Bite-sized lessons to build the basics [Dynamic Analysis](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/lessons/dynamic-analysis) [Gender Dynamics Across Cultures](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/lessons/gender-dynamics-across-cultures) [What Is Stakeholder Mapping?](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/lessons/what-is-stakeholder-mapping) [Hidden Stakeholders](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/lessons/hidden-stakeholders) Courses Guided courses that go deeper on the topic [Conflict Resolution](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/courses/conflict-resolution) [Advanced Negotiation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/courses/advanced-negotiation) [Multilateral Negotiation](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/courses/multilateral-negotiation) [Policy Brief Writing](https://modeldiplomat.com/learn/courses/policy-brief) The states in play, with the data that shapes their stance [Hungary](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/hungary) [China](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/china) [United States](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-states) [India](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/india) [Germany](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/germany) [Brazil](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/brazil) [Saudi Arabia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/saudi-arabia) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/saudi-arabia) [South Africa](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/south-africa) [Sweden](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/sweden) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/sweden) [Canada](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/canada) [Russia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/russia) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/russia) [Ireland](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/ireland) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/ireland) [France](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/france) [Chile](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/chile) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/chile) [United Kingdom](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/united-kingdom) [Netherlands](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/netherlands) [New Zealand](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/new-zealand) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/new-zealand) [Australia](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/australia) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/australia) [Austria](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/austria) [Country dossier](https://modeldiplomat.com/country/austria) ## Frequently asked questions - - Free account Save conferences, research any topic with AI, build position papers, and keep your daily prep streak — free. 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